Free electrons and collectivism: on the epistemic role of diversity in the history of condensed matter physics

This article aims to reflect on the epistemic role of diversity in physics. We start with a discussion of works in philosophy and history of physics that, acknowledging the social nature of science, consider diversity as a linchpin of scientific objectivity. We then present a case study from Soviet physics that illustrates how the diversification of actors and places developing solid-state physics, in the 1930s, led to an alternative approach to emergent phenomena that would become an essential part of condensed matter physics. Next, we conclude by discussing how dialogues on the epistemic role of diversity may help in discussions of the reliability of science and the nature of science in classrooms.

Keywords:
Diversity; objectivity; science education; nature of science; condensed matter; Soviet physics