Surface chemical modification of sponge gourd fiber aiming at compatibility and application as reinforcement in cementitious matrix

Abstract

This paper discusses the esterification of sponge gourd fibres (Luffa cilyndrica) to reinforce the cementitious matrix. The esterification reactions were performed with the modifying agents octanoyl chloride, lauroyl chloride and stearoyl chloride, using toluene as solvent and pyridine as catalyst. The fibres were characterised through tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and moisture absorption. Composites were produced with untreated and treated fibres with octanoyl chloride, which yielded the best results, with a 65% reduction in moisture absorption, 40% in tensile strength and 67% increase in the elasticity modulus. The results of the composites bending test indicated that a toughness of 0.70 kJ/m² did not change significantly and there was an increase of about 20% in the rupture modulus (6.64 MPa) and the elasticity modulus (15.10 GPa) of the composites reinforced with treated fibres compared with those reinforced with untreated fibres. The best mechanical properties of the composites with treated fibres indicate that the proposed treatment may have improved the performance of sponge gourd fibres as a reinforcement of the cementitious matrix.

Keywords:
Vegetable fibers; Sponge gourd fiber; Esterification; Composites; Moisture absorption; Mechanical properties