Resilience, depression and self-efficacy among Brazilian nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic

Sousa, Laelson Rochelle Milanês; Leoni, Pedro Henrique Tertuliano; Carvalho, Raphael Augusto Gir de; Ventura, Carla Aparecida Arena; Silva, Ana Cristina de Oliveira e; Reis, Renata Karina; Gir, Elucir

doi:10.1590/1413-812320232810.09852023EN

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ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 28 (10) • Oct 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320232810.09852023EN copy

Resilience, depression and self-efficacy among Brazilian nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This aim of this study was to analyze levels of resilience, depression and self-efficacy among Brazilian nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study between October and December 2020. Student’s t test, analysis of variance and multiple linear regression were used to investigate the impact of two main factors (Resilience and Self-efficacy) on depression. A total of 8,792 nursing professionals participated in the study; 5,124 (58.8%) had low levels of resilience. The mean overall score for Depression was 0.74, ranging from 0.59 to 0.80, while the mean overall score for Self-efficacy was 0.68, ranging from 0.56 to 0.80. The variable that had the strongest impact on depression levels was Resilience, explaining 6.6% of the outcome (p < 0.001, AdjustedR2 = 0.066). In general, respondents had low levels of resilience and self-efficacy and showed high mean depression scores. Level of resilience had an impact on depression. The findings reveal an urgent need for actions to promote the psychological health of nursing professionals working in crisis situations such as pandemics.

Key words:
Psychological resilience; Depression; Self-efficacy; Nursing professionals; COVID-19

Variables		n	%
Profession
	Nurse	5767	65.6
	Nursing technician	2842	32.3
	Auxiliary nurse	183	2.1
Sex
	Male	1355	15.4
	Female	7437	84.6
Age group (years)
	18-30	7991	90.9
	31-50	796	9.1
	51 and over	5	0.1
Region
	Northeast	2643	30.1
	North	1328	15.1
	Midwest	1578	17.9
	Southeast	2460	28.0
	South	783	8.9
Skin color
	White	3943	44.8
	Black	806	9.2
	Brown	3917	44.6
	Yellow	126	1.4
Marital status
	Married/stable union	4594	52.3
	Single/divorced	4148	47.2
	Widowed	50	0.6
COVID-19 diagnosis
	No	5807	66.0
	Yes	2985	34.0
Worked in campaign hospital
	No	6089	69.3
	Yes	2703	30.7

Variables		Resilience				Depression			Self-efficacy
Variables		n	Mean	Standard deviation (SD)	P	Mean	Standard deviation (SD)	p	Mean	Standard deviation	p
Profession
	Nurse	5.767	12,06	3,27	< 0,001**	0,745	0,019	< 0,001**	0,683	0,023	< 0,001**
	Nursing technician	2.842	12,33	3,32		0,749	0,020		0,680	0,021
	Auxiliary nurse	183	12,44	3,21		0,748	0,021		0,678	0,024
Sex
	Male	1.355	12,43	3,25	< 0,001*	0,748	0,021	0,003*	0,682	0,020	0,92*
	Female	7.437	12,11	3,29	< 0,001*	0,746	0,019	0,003*	0,682	0,023	0,92*
Age group (years)
	18-30	7.991	12,09	3,29	< 0,001*	0,746	0,019	0,01**	0,682	0,022	0,62**
	31-50	796	12,86	3,20		0,748	0,020		0,682	0,022
	51 and over	5	14,80	1,64		0,734	0,014		0,672	0,020
Region
	Northeast	2.643	12,27	3,33	< 0,001**	0,747	0,019	0,012**	0,682	0,022	0,369**
	North	1.328	12,40	3,34		0,746	0,019		0,681	0,021
	Midwest	1.578	12,11	3,26		0,746	0,020		0,682	0,022
	Southeast	2.460	11,98	3,29		0,745	0,020		0,682	0,023
	South	783	12,02	3,06		0,746	0,019		0,681	0,021
Skin color
	White	3.943	12,07	3,26	0,1**	0,746	0,019	0,22**	0,682	0,023	0,28
	Black	806	12,35	3,37		0,745	0,020		0,682	0,021
	Brown	3.917	12,20	3,31		0,746	0,020		0,682	0,022
	Yellow	126	12,26	2,86		0,745	0,018		0,679	0,023
Marital status
	Married/stable union	4.594	12,22	3,27	0,029**	0,747	0,019	< 0,001**	0,681	0,022	< 0,001**
	Single/divorced	4.148	12,08	3,30		0,745	0,020		0,683	0,023
	Widowed	50	12,98	3,13		0,746	0,019		0,680	0,020
COVID-19 diagnosis
	No	5.807	12,12	3,29	0,15*	0,746	0,19	0,97*	0,682	0,022	0,44*
	Yes	2.985	12,23	3,28	0,15*	0,746	0,19	0,97*	0,682	0,022	0,44*
Working in a campaign hospital
	No	6.089	12,08	3,29	< 0,001*	0,746	0,19	0,62*	0,681	0,022	0,01*
	Yes	2.703	12,33	3,39	< 0,001*	0,746	0,20	0,62*	0,683	0,023	0,01*

Predictors	Standardized beta coefficient	t	Sig.	Adjusted^R2	R2*
Predictors	(Constant)	t	Sig.	Adjusted^R2	R2*	-	-	-
Resilience	0.254	24.642	0.000	0.066	-
Self-efficacy	-0.036	-3.458	0.001	0.067	0.001

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[1] Chief editors:

Romeu Gomes, Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva