Evaluation of consumption of food and predictors of cardiovascular risk in hypertensive protectors of the State of Alagoas, Brazil

Ferreira, Raphaela Costa; Vasconcelos, Sandra Mary Lima; Santos, Ewerton Amorim dos; Padilha, Bruna Merten

doi:10.1590/1413-81232018247.20242017

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ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde colet. 24 (7) • July 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018247.20242017 copy

Evaluation of consumption of food and predictors of cardiovascular risk in hypertensive protectors of the State of Alagoas, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The present article aimed to evaluate the consumption of protective foods and predictors of cardiovascular (CV) risk and its relationship with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) by hypertensive individuals in the state of Alagoas. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out from 2013 to 2016 with 655 hypertensive adults of both sexes. Food consumption was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire with measurements converted to scores and the foods were divided into three groups: I – processed foods/CV risk predictors; II – ultraprocessed foods/higher CV risk predictors; III - in natura or minimally processed foods/ CV risk protectors. Socioeconomic, demographic, biochemical, clinical and anthropometric variables were also analyzed. The consumption scores of food groups I, II and III were, respectively, 0.11; 0.13 and 0.24 (p = 0.001). The consumption of processed foods was correlated positively with high blood cholesterol (p = 0.045) and negatively with age (p = 0.001); while that of ultraprocessed foods was correlated with the sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.01). Thus, it was observed a relationship between the consumption of CV risk predictors foods with high blood cholesterol and sedentary lifestyle, reflecting the need for nutricional education actions.

Food consumption; Hypertension; Adult; Risk factors; Obesity

Variables	n	%	95% CI
Sex
Female	564	86.1	83.2 - 88.6
Male	91	13.9	11.4 - 16.8
Age group (years) *
19 \|-\| 29	18	2.8	1.7 - 4.4
30 \|-\| 49	316	48.5	44.6 - 52.4
50 \|-\| 60	317	48.7	44.8 - 52.6
Ethnicity *
White	157	24.1	20.9 - 27.6
Not white	494	75.9	72.4 - 79.1
Monthly family income (R$)*
< 1 minimum wage	119	20.4	17.3 - 24.0
≥ 1 minimum wage	463	79.6	76.0 - 82.7
Education
≥ 4 years of study	383	58.5	54.6 - 62.3
< 4 years of study	272	41.5	37.7 - 45.4
Economic class *
B	33	5.9	4.1 - 8.2
C	268	47.8	43.6 - 52.0
D	226	40.3	36.2 - 44.9
E	34	6.1	4.3 - 8.4
Number of members in the family *
< 5 members	551	88.4	85.6 - 90.8
≥ 5 members	72	11.6	9.2 - 14.4
Smoking *
Yes	68	10.5	8.3 - 13.2
No	580	89.5	86.8 - 91.7
Alcohol consumption *
Yes	173	26.6	23.2 - 30.2
No	478	73.4	69.8 - 76.7
Sedentary *
Yes	414	64.0	60.1 - 67.7
No	233	36.0	32.3 - 39.9

Variables	n	%	95% CI
Family history of CVD *
Yes	422	65.2	61.4 - 68.9
No	225	34.8	31.1 - 38.6
Personal history of stroke
Yes	60	9.2	7.1 - 11.7
No	595	90.8	88.3 - 92.9
Personal history of kidney disease *
Yes	72	11.0	8.7 - 13.7
No	583	89.0	86.3 - 91.2
Personal history of AMI *
Yes	29	4.5	3.1 - 6.4
No	616	95.5	93.5 - 96.9
Personal history of other CVD *
Yes	73	11.3	9.0 - 14.0
No	573	88.7	85.9 - 91.0
Systolic blood pressure
High	383	58.5	54.6 - 62.3
Normal	272	41.5	37.7 - 45.4
Mean (95% CI)	143.1 (129.0 – 159.0)
Diastolic blood pressure
High	205	31.3	27.8 - 35.0
Normal	450	68.7	65.0 - 72.2
Mean (95% CI)	89.3 (80.0 – 97.0)
Serum cholesterol
High	33	15.9	11.3 - 21.7
Normal	175	84.1	78.3 - 88.7
Mean (95% CI)	199.6 (167 – 231.0)
Serum triglycerides
High	93	48.2	41.0 - 55.4
Normal	100	51.8	44.5 - 59.0
Mean (95% CI)	190.3 (109.5 – 234.5)

Variables	N	%	95% CI
Body mass index*
Low weight	3	0.5	0.1 - 1.5
Eutrophy	96	15.2	12.6 - 18.3
Overweight	222	35.2	31.5 - 39.1
Obesity	309	49.1	45.1 - 53.0
Mean (95% CI)	30.3 (26.6 – 33.9)
Waist circumference*
High	484	87.2	84.1 - 89.8
Normal	71	12.8	10.2 - 15.9
Mean (95% CI)	96.5 (89.0 – 104.0)
Neck circumference*
High	252	57.5	52.7 - 62.2
Normal	187	42.5	37.8 - 47.3
Mean (95% CI)	35.4 (33.0 – 37.1)
Conicity index*
High	464	85.5	82.1 - 88.2
Normal	79	14.5	11.7 - 17.9
Mean (95% CI)	1.26 (1.23 – 1.34)

Variables	Score I¹		Score II²		Score III³

	Median	IQ	Median	IQ	Median	IQ
Sex
Male	0.11	0.06-0.19	0.13	0.07-0.21	0.24	0.17-0.33
Female	0.12	0.07-0.21	0.14	0.07-0.24	0.26	0.17-0.31
p- value	0.328		0.281		0.552
Age group (years)
19 \|-\| 29	0.10	0.05-0.18	0.14	0.08-0.26	0.28	0.16-0.36
30 \|-\| 49	0.14	0.08-0.21	0.15	0.07-0.26	0.25	0.19-0.34
50 \|-\| 60	0.12	0.07-0.21	0.13	0.07-0.21	0.24	0.18-0.31
p- value	0.003		0.139		0.303
Ethnicity
White	0.12	0.06-0.21	0.13	0.06-0.21	0.25	0.17-0.33
Not white	0.13	0.06-0.20	0.11	0.07-0.20	0.24	0.17-0.32
p- value	0.262		0.992		0.914
Education
< 4 years of study	0.11	0.05-0.17	0.12	0.06-0.20	0.24	0.17-0.32
≥ 4 years of study	0.12	0.06-0.21	0.13	0.06-0.22	0.24	0.16-0.32
p- value	0.116		0.488		0.454
Number of members in the family
≥ 5 members	0.11	0.07-0.22	0.13	0.08-0.21	0.23	0.18-0.30
< 5 members	0.1	0.06-0.19	0.13	0.07-0.21	0.24	0.17-0.33
p- value	0.301		0.491		0.699
Monthly family income (R$)
< 1 minimum wage	0.10	0.06-0.17	0.13	0.08-0.22	0.23	0.16-0.32
≥ 1 minimum wage	0.12	0.06-0.20	0.13	0.07-0.21	0.24	0.17-0.33
p- value	0.488		0.637		0.253
High serum cholesterol
Yes	0.12	0.06-0.20	0.12	0.07-0.18	0.22	0.17-0.27
No	0.08	0.05-0.14	0.13	0.07-0.21	0.25	0.18-0.33
p- value	0.045		0.388		0.166
High serum triglycerides
Yes	0.12	0.06-0.20	0.14	0.08-0.21	0.25	0.18-0.32
No	0.11	0.05-0.16	0.14	0.07-0.22	0.24	0.17-0.34
p- value	0.342		0.873		0.978
BMI
Low weight	0.06	0.02*	0.05	0.02*	0.18	0.15*
Eutrophy	0.12	0.07-0.23	0.15	0.09-0.23	0.23	0.15-0.33
Overweight	0.11	0.05-0.18	0.11	0.06-0.19	0.25	0.17-0.34
Obesity	0.15	0.08-0.34	0.16	0.12-0.21	0.28	0.17-0.33
p- value	0.016		0.055		0.835
High conicity index
Yes	0.11	0.05-0.19	0.12	0.06-0.20	0.24	0.17-0.32
No	0.11	0.05-0.20	0.15	0.06-0.22	0.24	0.16-0.32
p- value	0.116		0.488		0.454
High neck circumference
Yes	0.12	0.06-0.20	0.13	0.07-0.20	0.24	0.17-0.31
No	0.10	0.05-0.16	0.13	0.07-0.19	0.24	0.17-0.33
p- value	0.014		0.656		0.742
Family history of CVD
Yes	0.12	0.06-0.20	0.13	0.07-0.22	0.24	0.17-0.32
No	0.11	0.06-0.19	0.12	0.07-0.19	0.23	0.17-0.32
p- value	0.756		0.273		0.696
Smoking
Yes	0.13	0.05-0.22	0.15	0.09-0.22	0.22	0.16-0.32
No	0.11	0.06-0.19	0.13	0.07-0.21	0.24	0.17-0.32
p- value	0.598		0.062		0.324
Alcohol consumption
Yes	0.10	0.06-0.38	0.16	0.06-0.27	0.23	0.20-0.28
No	0.12	0.06-0.20	0.13	0.07-0.21	0.24	0.17-0.32
p- value	0.878		0.717		0.543
Sedentary
Yes	0.12	0.06-0.20	0.13	0.08-0.22	0.24	0.17-0.33
No	0.11	0.06-0.20	0.12	0.06-0.20	0.24	0.18-0.31
p- value	0.767		0.010		0.987

Variables	Score I¹		Score II²		Score III³

	rho*	p	rho*	p	rho*	p
Age	-0.12^**	<0.001	-0.07	0.06	-0.07	0.07
Economic class	-0.06	0.14	-0.03	0.46	0.05	0.25
Body mass index	-0.09	0.81	-0.12	0.78	0.02	0.61
Waist circumference	0.01	0.77	0.01	0.90	-0.01	0.85
Neck circumference	0.08	0.10	0.09	0.07	0.02	0.68
Conicity index	-0.07	0.11	-0.03	0.46	0.00	0.93
Systolic blood pressure	-0.03	0.47	-0.01	0.85	-0.01	0.90
Diastolic blood pressure	0.04	0.28	-0.03	0.45	0.02	0.71
High serum cholesterol	0.13^**	0.04	0.06	0.39	0.10	0.17
High serum triglycerides	-0.07	0.34	0.01	0.87	0.00	0.98
Excessive consumption of alcohol	0.01	0.72	-0.04	0,35	-0.03	0.46
Smoking	-0.03	0.51	0.01	0.81	-0.03	0.48
Sedentary	0.01	0.77	0.10^**	0.01	0.00	0.99

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[1] Collaborations

RC Ferreira participated in all stages of the article. SML Vasconcelos participated in the writing of the article, the relevant critical revision of the intellectual content and the final approval of the version to be published. EA Santos collaborated with the analysis and interpretation of data interpretation data. BM Padilha worked on the final essay.