Organofunctionalized Nb2O5 Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy against A549 Cancer Cells

Niobium pentoxide shows an interesting reactivity that allows the control of different aspects of its morphology and chemistry. In this study, Nb₂O₅ nanoparticles were modified with protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) and tris(ethynylphenyl) pyrene derivative (PyPh₃) by using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as linkage group and used as photosensitizers against lung cancer. The antitumor photoactivity against the A549 tumor cell line as a model of in vitro study showed half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) ca. 15 μmol L^-1 for both materials and the absence of dark activity, indicating the viability of dye-modified Nb₂O₅ as a photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent.

Keywords:
nanoparticle; niobium pentoxide; dye; photoactivity; cancer cell

Authorship

Ronaldo C. S. Oliveira

conceptualization

data curation

validation

visualization

writing-review

Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CT, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroBrazilRio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilInstituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), CT, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil

Luiz Henrique C. dos Santos

conceptualization

data curation

validation

visualization

writing-review

Instituto de Química, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologias Alternativas para Detecção, Avaliação Toxicológica e Remoção de Micropoluentes e Radioativos (INCT-DATREM), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), CP 355, 14800-900 Araraquara-SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual PaulistaBrazilAraraquara, SP, BrazilInstituto de Química, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologias Alternativas para Detecção, Avaliação Toxicológica e Remoção de Micropoluentes e Radioativos (INCT-DATREM), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), CP 355, 14800-900 Araraquara-SP, Brazil

Zeinab Ghasemishahrestani

conceptualization

data curation

validation

visualization

writing-review

Marcos D. Pereira

writing original draft

investigation

writing-review

resources

editing

Josué Sebastián B. Forero

writing original draft

investigation

writing-review

resources

editing

Grazieli Simões

writing original draft

investigation

writing-review

resources

editing

Emerson S. Ribeiro ^**e-mail: emersonsr@iq.ufrj.brrodrigojosecorrea@gmail.com

writing original draft

investigation

writing-review

resources

editing

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8134-0274

Rodrigo José Corrêa ^**e-mail: emersonsr@iq.ufrj.brrodrigojosecorrea@gmail.com

writing original draft

investigation

writing-review

resources

editing

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-0302

Editor handled this article: Célia M. Ronconi (Associate)

*e-mail: emersonsr@iq.ufrj.br rodrigojosecorrea@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Formulas

Figures (7)
Formulas (1)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
SEM image for Nb₂O₅NP.

Thumbnail

Scheme 1
Schematic representation for Nb₂O₅NP-APS-PyPh₃, and Nb₂O₅NP-APS-PPIX.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
Diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra: (a) Nb₂O₅, (b) Nb₂O₅ APS PyPh₃, and (c) Nb₂O₅-APS-PPIX.

Thumbnail

Figure 3
XPS analysis survey spectrums (a) and XPS signal deconvolution for Nb₂O₅NP (b), Nb₂O₅-APS-PPIX (c) and, Nb₂O₅-APS-PyPh₃ (d).

Thumbnail

Scheme 2
Photochemical paths for the dye in excited states; k_decay is related to all excited state deactivation possibilities.

Thumbnail

Figure 4
Singlet oxygen emission: (std) standard phenalenone; (a) Nb₂O₅NP-APS-PyPh₃ and (b) Nb₂O₅NP-APS-PPIX.

Thumbnail

Figure 5
PDT effect on the cytotoxicity of the A549 tumor cell line after treatment with (a) Nb₂O₅NP-APS-PPIX and (b) Nb₂O₅NP-APS-PyPh₃. Cells were subjected to PDT (15 min) in PBS after incubation with photo drugs. Cell survival was determined by MTT assay after 24 h of cell recovery in DMEM. Results are mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments (*p < 0.0001 compared to control (Nb₂O₅NP-APS)). All statistics were performed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Dunnet.

Thumbnail

(1)

Figure 1 SEM image for Nb₂O₅NP.

Scheme 1 Schematic representation for Nb₂O₅NP-APS-PyPh₃, and Nb₂O₅NP-APS-PPIX.

Figure 2 Diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra: (a) Nb₂O₅, (b) Nb₂O₅ APS PyPh₃, and (c) Nb₂O₅-APS-PPIX.

Figure 3 XPS analysis survey spectrums (a) and XPS signal deconvolution for Nb₂O₅NP (b), Nb₂O₅-APS-PPIX (c) and, Nb₂O₅-APS-PyPh₃ (d).

Scheme 2 Photochemical paths for the dye in excited states; k_decay is related to all excited state deactivation possibilities.

Figure 4 Singlet oxygen emission: (std) standard phenalenone; (a) Nb₂O₅NP-APS-PyPh₃ and (b) Nb₂O₅NP-APS-PPIX.

Figure 5 PDT effect on the cytotoxicity of the A549 tumor cell line after treatment with (a) Nb₂O₅NP-APS-PPIX and (b) Nb₂O₅NP-APS-PyPh₃. Cells were subjected to PDT (15 min) in PBS after incubation with photo drugs. Cell survival was determined by MTT assay after 24 h of cell recovery in DMEM. Results are mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments (*p < 0.0001 compared to control (Nb₂O₅NP-APS)). All statistics were performed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Dunnet.

(1)

Φ_{A N P} = (A_{N P} \times Φ_{A x t}) / A_{s t}

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Organofunctionalized Nb2O5 Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy against A549 Cancer Cells

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[1] Editor handled this article: Célia M. Ronconi (Associate)