Ciclo fenológico e acúmulo térmico em genótipos de laranjeiras-doces no Sul do Brasil

Schneider, Leonardo André; Gonzatto, Mateus Pereira; Boettcher, Gerson Nestor; Griebeler, Sabrina Raquel; Munhoz, Bruno de Oliveira; Schwarz, Sergio Francisco

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Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura

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Sumário

Crop Production - Original Article • Rev.Bras.Frutic. 46 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452024033 copiar

Ciclo fenológico e acúmulo térmico em genótipos de laranjeiras-doces no Sul do Brasil

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a fenologia de diversas cultivares de laranjeiras-doces e sua relação com os graus-dia acumulados (GDA), nas condições da Depressão Central do RS. Para isso, 25 genótipos foram avaliados por três safras consecutivas, entre 2015 e 2018, conforme a escala fenológica BBCH. O experimento foi conduzido em Coleção de Citros localizada no município de Eldorado doSul-RS, Brasil. Calcularam-se, os GDAs para cada intervalo entre os estádios fenológicos, bem como para todo o ciclo. O primeiro deles, inchamento das gemas, aconteceu concentradoentre meados de julho e início de agosto. A brotação, ainda no inverno, aumentou riscos dedanos por geadas. O pleno florescimento ocorreu entre 28 de agosto e 22 de setembro,onde as laranjeiras ‘Cabula’, ‘Rubi’, ‘Lima Verde’ e ‘Folha Murcha’ foram asprimeiras; e ‘Sanguinea’, ‘Salustiana’, ‘Midknight’ e ‘Jaffa’, as últimas. O último estádio avaliado, mudança da cor da casca dos frutos, ocorreu entre o início de abril até fins de maio, com2.306,4 a 2.619,4 GDAs, desde o início da brotação. As laranjeiras apresentaram comportamentodistinto,quando comparadas entre os genótipos e entre os anos. Definiram-se dois gruposde cultivares:precoces e tardias.

Termos para indexação
Fenologia; Escala BBCH; Graus-dia; Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck

Sociedade Brasileira de Fruticultura Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n , 14884-900 Jaboticabal SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 16 3209-7188/3209-7609 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
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[1] Mateus Pereira Gonzatto E-mail:author: mateus.gonzatto@ufv.br

Cultivars	51	53	55	56	59	65	69	72	73	74	81
'Rubi'	7/11² ± 6	7/16 ± 6	7/24 ± 9	8/6 ± 13	8/22 ± 10	8/29 ± 8	9/5 ± 7	9/15 ± 10	10/10 ± 8	11/5 ± 17	4/11 ± 3
'Cabula'	7/13 ± 4	7/17 ± 4	7/26 ± 6	8/9 ± 10	8/20 ± 8	8/28 ± 7	9/5 ± 7	10/5 ± 5	10/14 ± 4	10/30 ± 7	4/15 ± 8
'Piralima'	7/14 ± 4	7/22 ± 7	7/30 ± 8	8/16 ± 4	8/26 ± 8	9/4 ± 5	9/10 ± 4	10/1 ± 7	10/14 ± 4	11/5 ± 13	4/15 ± 3
'Lima Verde'	7/14 ± 4	7/20 ± 4	7/31 ± 9	8/15 ± 5	8/27 ± 7	8/31 ± 8	9/9 ± 6	9/28 ± 6	10/11 ± 6	10/30 ± 8	4/15 ± 3
'Hamlin'	7/15 ± 5	7/21 ± 6	8/2 ± 10	8/9 ± 10	8/22 ± 10	9/1 ± 6	9/8 ± 5	9/28 ± 6	10/14 ± 4	10/30 ± 8	4/8 ± 5
'Valencia'	7/15 ± 4	7/22 ± 4	7/31 ± 4	8/11 ± 6	8/24 ± 6	9/1 ± 7	9/9 ± 7	9/30 ± 8	10/14 ± 4	10/30 ± 8	5/6 ± 2
'Valencia V1'	7/15 ± 2	7/20 ± 1	8/1 ± 3	8/15 ± 4	8/27 ± 7	9/5 ± 7	9/13 ± 7	9/30 ± 8	10/14 ± 4	11/8 ± 13	5/21 ± 8
'SCS454 Catarina'	7/17 ± 5	7/25 ± 7	8/6 ± 8	8/14 ± 7	8/27 ± 7	9/4 ± 7	9/12 ± 7	9/30 ± 8	10/17 ± 5	11/1 ± 7	4/23 ± 5
'Newhall'	7/17 ± 6	7/27 ± 5	8/3 ± 6	8/17 ± 3	8/28 ± 5	9/5 ± 7	9/12 ± 7	10/14 ± 4	10/14 ± 4	11/5 ± 13	4/12 ± 6
'Folha Murcha'	7/17 ± 4	7/26 ± 6	8/6 ± 2	8/15 ± 4	8/23 ± 6	8/31 ± 5	9/10 ± 8	9/30 ± 8	10/14 ± 4	11/8 ± 13	5/27 ± 8
'Bahia'	7/17 ± 7	7/23 ± 9	7/28 ± 10	8/4 ± 12	8/21 ± 8	9/1 ± 4	9/12 ± 7	10/2 ± 8	10/11 ± 6	10/28 ± 12	4/23 ± 5
'Seleta Franck'	7/18 ± 5	7/24 ± 6	7/29 ± 8	8/10 ± 10	8/22 ± 10	9/1 ± 7	9/8 ± 5	9/17 ± 8	10/14 ± 4	11/5 ± 13	4/8 ± 5
'Campo Alto'	7/18 ± 3	7/25 ± 4	8/3 ± 2	8/13 ± 6	8/25 ± 8	9/3 ± 9	9/10 ± 8	9/28 ± 9	10/14 ± 4	11/8 ± 13	4/27 ± 8
'Natal'	7/18 ± 4	7/25 ± 5	8/3 ± 5	8/14 ± 6	8/27 ± 7	9/5 ± 8	9/13 ± 8	9/30 ± 7	10/14 ± 4	11/3 ± 10	5/21 ± 8
'Navelina'	7/18 ± 6	7/24 ± 8	7/30 ± 10	8/13 ± 8	8/27 ± 8	9/7 ± 8	9/14 ± 7	10/6 ± 6	10/12 ± 3	11/12 ± 10	4/3 ± 5
'Liberato Salzano'	7/19 ± 5	7/26 ± 8	8/5 ± 12	8/16 ± 9	8/26 ± 10	9/6 ± 8	9/13 ± 7	9/30 ± 8	10/17 ± 5	11/10 ± 14	4/23 ± 5
'Hactur'	7/19 ± 2	7/28 ± 4	8/5 ± 4	8/17 ± 3	8/28 ± 7	9/5 ± 7	9/15± 10	10/6 ± 6	10/17 ± 5	11/21 ±14	5/13 ± 10
'Midknight'	7/19 ± 6	7/29 ± 8	8/6 ± 8	8/16 ± 8	8/30 ± 6	9/10 ± 8	9/17 ± 8	9/30 ± 8	10/17 ± 4	11/17 ± 5	5/23 ± 5
'Valencia V5'	7/19 ± 2	7/27 ± 4	8/4 ± 5	8/13 ± 6	8/25 ± 8	9/3 ± 8	9/10 ± 8	9/30 ± 8	10/14 ± 4	11/17 ± 5	5/21 ± 8
'Lima Sorocaba'	7/19 ± 5	7/27 ± 7	8/8 ± 8	8/17 ± 9	8/25 ± 10	9/5 ± 8	9/13 ± 8	9/28 ± 9	10/12 ± 10	11/1 ± 9	4/23 ± 5
'Salustiana'	7/19 ± 6	7/25 ± 8	8/6 ± 8	8/16 ± 8	8/28 ± 10	9/9 ± 7	9/17 ± 6	10/3 ± 6	10/16 ± 6	10/31 ± 11	4/19 ± 8
'Sanguinea'	7/19 ± 4	7/28 ± 5	8/6 ± 5	8/16 ± 5	8/29 ± 6	9/7 ± 6	9/15 ± 5	9/30 ± 8	10/17 ± 5	11/3 ± 10	4/29 ± 3
'Valencia Late'	7/20 ± 6	7/27 ± 5	8/3 ± 6	8/17 ± 3	8/28 ± 7	9/6 ± 7	9/13 ± 7	9/28 ± 9	10/14 ± 4	11/8 ± 13	5/25 ± 3
'Lue Gim Gong'	7/20 ± 4	7/27 ± 7	8/9 ± 4	8/16 ± 4	8/28 ± 7	9/6 ± 8	9/16 ± 7	10/1 ± 8	10/13 ± 3	11/6 ± 13	4/28 ± 3
'Jaffa'	8/5 ± 8	8/13 ± 9	8/22 ± 9	8/30 ± 9	9/13 ± 7	9/22 ± 6	10/1 ± 1	10/11 ± 1	10/11 ± 1	12/5 ± 4	5/22 ± 6

Cultivars	51 - 53	53 - 55	55 - 56	56 - 59	59 - 65	65 - 69	69 - 72	72 - 73	73 - 74	74 - 81
'Rubi'	11.9 ± 7.0	35.5 ± 20.8	65.0 ± 26.4	78.4 ± 21.6	27.7 ± 2.2	43.6 ± 16.0	51.6 ± 15.8	134.3 ± 42.7	185.7 ± 70.4	1,746.6 ± 31.4
'Cabula'	13.3 ± 7.9	36.1 ± 20.4	69.0 ± 21.2	61.7 ± 7.9	23.8 ± 7.3	51.7 ± 10.2	89.2 ± 69.1	123.3 ± 118.6	116.2 ± 49.6	1,839.4 ± 94.7
'Piralima'	35.2 ± 25.6	42.4 ± 32.2	71.3 ± 18.3	41.9 ± 21.5	50.1 ± 21.1	39.1 ± 20.5	107.4 ± 22.9	72.6 ± 48.4	162.7 ± 75.5	1,783.4 ± 55.0
'Lima Verde'	20.6 ± 7.6	46.8 ± 39.7	72.1 ± 28.8	55.5 ± 23.0	18.1 ± 40.2	58.8 ± 43.9	100.6 ± 23.1	70.6 ± 31.5	172.3 ± 86.9	1,793.2 ± 88.7
'Hamlin'	20.4 ± 5.4	54.5 ± 31.1	42.4 ± 21.5	62.5 ± 15.1	49.7 ± 31.2	44.5 ± 16.9	99.2 ± 23.1	90 ± 44.4	119.9 ± 64.1	1,763.9 ± 93.4
'Valencia'	17.9 ± 5.0	46.1 ± 13.7	58.4 ± 21.6	58.9 ± 5.8	45.6 ± 14.2	48.5 ± 14.3	101.2 ± 15.0	82.2 ± 54.8	119.9 ± 64.1	1,979.7 ± 51.7
'Valencia V1'	5.9 ± 6.1	54.4 ± 25.4	66.7 ± 24.2	62.4 ± 8.1	50.3 ± 15.4	42.5 ± 18.3	87.8 ± 6.4	82.2 ± 54.8	182.6 ± 74.5	1,965.6 ± 90.4
'SCS454 Catarina'	35.9 ± 20.5	65.7 ± 16.7	35.6 ± 11.6	53.3 ± 18.3	50.0 ± 11.3	43.8 ± 17.5	90.9 ± 9.7	105.7 ± 23.5	105.7 ± 37.4	1,879.3 ± 42.7
'Newhall'	43.0 ± 20.6	50.7 ± 26.7	56.1 ± 11.6	62.9 ± 4.9	29.4 ± 15.3	39.9 ± 20.0	176.3 ± 52.6	0.0 ± 0.0	162.7 ± 75.5	1,761.7 ± 55.2
'Folha Murcha'	36.1 ± 20.4	65.1 ± 21.5	32.9 ± 7.7	42.4 ± 14.3	37.3 ± 20.0	61.6 ± 13.6	97.1 ± 12.3	82.2 ± 54.8	187.6 ± 77.8	1,976.9 ± 98.5
'Bahia'	27.5 ± 21.1	26.8 ± 12.2	27.3 ± 25.1	66.8 ± 36.2	41.7 ± 32.0	54.3 ± 20.0	87.6 ± 30.1	42.5 ± 36.4	105.1 ± 66.1	1,905.3 ± 69.3
'Seleta Franck'	34.0 ± 21.8	31.4 ± 39.6	48.1 ± 20.6	56.6 ± 23.0	42.4 ± 20.6	38.1 ± 19.2	48.9 ± 19.3	154.3 ± 56.1	162.7 ± 75.5	1,721.1 ± 13.5
'Campo Alto'	24.6 ± 15.0	54.1 ± 20.4	44.4 ± 20.7	52.9 ± 17.2	46.7 ± 13.5	47.9 ± 14.6	89.7 ± 16.5	89.6 ± 59.8	187.6 ± 77.8	1,847.1 ± 97.5
'Natal'	24.5 ± 14.4	49.3 ± 17.0	50.6 ± 17.8	66.9 ± 17.3	48.4 ± 12.1	46.2 ± 18.3	89.3 ± 17.0	75.9 ± 50.6	145.8 ± 66.2	2,002.9 ± 84.0
'Navelina'	29.4 ± 14.9	29.3 ± 26.7	60.0 ± 16.2	60.2 ± 24.3	55.9 ± 18.4	41.9 ± 22.4	123.5 ± 38.8	41.4 ± 49.7	225.7 ± 61.1	1,604.0 ± 63.1
'Liberato Salzano'	37.6 ± 19.4	48.2 ± 38.6	55.7 ± 22.5	42.8 ± 16.6	57.1 ± 21.9	39.6 ± 20.2	87.8 ± 6.4	105.7 ± 23.5	204.4 ± 108.6	1,777.9 ± 116.7
'Hactur'	32.9 ± 22.5	47.9 ± 28.6	45.0 ± 14.9	42.3 ± 21.2	49.1 ± 6.7	34.7 ± 14.8	102.4 ± 31.5	59.7 ± 39.8	274.4 ± 79.8	1,845.0 ± 150.0
'Midknight'	59.4 ± 56.0	44.8 ± 7.4	37.0 ± 9.0	59.4 ± 10.1	56.2 ± 18.9	39.3 ± 20.4	71.8 ± 4.6	105.9 ± 70.6	234.4 ± 27.7	1,898.6 ± 19.3
'Valencia V5'	34.1 ± 22.8	52.1 ± 25.8	34.4 ± 9.6	52.0 ± 20.0	53.1 ± 19.0	41.5 ± 10.3	97.1 ± 12.3	82.2 ± 54.8	258.1 ± 28.0	1,890.3 ± 8.2
'Lima Sorocaba'	32.9 ± 16.7	58.1 ± 22.0	48.9 ± 24.6	35.2 ± 13.9	58.6 ± 18.7	43.6 ± 17.5	80.5 ± 26.4	78.6 ± 34.8	143.9 ± 31.6	1,875.6 ± 54.4
'Salustiana'	18.9 ± 12.6	44.7 ± 17.2	33.5 ± 15.3	58.3 ± 18.6	65.8 ± 21.8	46.4 ± 16.7	97.1 ± 26.6	87.0 ± 17.9	108.3 ± 37.4	1,834.2 ± 104.1
'Sanguinea'	40.1 ± 23.1	54.4 ± 22.2	38.2 ± 10.7	55.2 ± 17.3	60.0 ± 17.8	41.0 ± 16.2	73.5 ± 18.2	105.7 ± 23.5	122.3 ± 45.3	1,884.2 ± 52.6
'Valencia Late'	35.6 ± 20.7	49.2 ± 27.7	56.1 ± 11.6	44.2 ± 19.9	56.3 ± 12.3	32.7 ± 12.4	79.8 ± 14.2	95.4 ± 63.6	104.8 ± 74.2	2,060.5 ± 71.4
'Lue Gim Gong'	27.8 ± 22.8	67.0 ± 21.9	26.1 ± 5.9	50.9 ± 17.4	53.9 ± 14.7	51.7 ± 13.7	86.5 ± 18.0	71.7 ± 53.8	174.3 ± 82.2	1,865.4 ± 59.4
'Jaffa'	32.0 ± 2.5	46.6 ± 20.3	44.0 ± 25.8	76.4 ± 2.3	51.0 ± 7.1	39.4 ± 17.5	64.2 ± 6.0	0.0 ± 0.0	427.4 ± 35.7	1,730.5 ± 49.8

Cultivars	ADD 51 - 81	MDI 51 - 81	ADD 51 - 65	MDI 51 - 65	ADD 65 - 81	MDI 65 - 81
'Rubi'	2,380.2 B	274 B	218.5	49	2,161.7 B	226 B
'Cabula'	2,420.5 B	276 B	210.8	46	2,209.7 B	230 B
'Piralima'	2,406.0 B	275 B	240.8	51	2,165.2 B	224 B
'Lima Verde'	2,408.6 B	275 B	213.1	47	2,195.5 B	228 B
'Hamlin'	2,347.1 B	268 B	229.5	48	2,117.6 B	220 B
'Valencia'	2,558.5 A	296 A	227.0	48	2,331.5 A	248 A
'Valencia V1'	2,600.5 A	311 A	239.8	52	2,360.7 A	259 A
'SCS454 Catarina'	2,466.0 B	281 B	240.5	50	2,225.5 B	231 B
'Newhall'	2,382.6 B	270 B	242.1	50	2,140.5 B	221 B
'Folha Murcha'	2,619.4 A	315 A	213.9	45	2,405.4 A	270 A
'Bahia'	2,460.3 B	280 B	217.3	46	2,243.1 B	235 B
'Seleta Franck'	2,337.7 B	266 B^(-)	212.5	45	2,125.2 B	221 B
'Campo Alto'	2,484.6 B	284 B	222.6	47	2,262.0 B	237 B
'Natal'	2,599.7 A	308 A	239.7	49	2,360.0 A	259 A
'Navelina'	2,306.4 B	262 B^(-)	242.5	50	2,063.9 B^(-)	212 B^(-)
'Liberato Salzano'	2,456.8 B	289 B	241.3	49	2,215.5 B	240 B
'Hactur'	2,533.4 A	300 A	217.2	49	2,316.2 A	251 A
'Midknight'	2,606.9 A	309 A	256.8	53	2,350.0 A	256 A
'Valencia V5'	2,594.9 A	307 A	225.8	46	2,369.2 A	261 A
'Lima Sorocaba'	2,455.9 B	278 B	233.7	48	2,222.3 B	230 B
'Salustiana'	2,394.1 B	274 B	221.1	52	2,173.0 B	223 B
'Sanguinea'	2,474.6 B	284 B	247.9	50	2,226.8 B	234 B
'Valencia Late'	2,614.7 A	310 A	241.5	49	2,373.2 A	261 A
'Lue Gim Gong'	2,488.0 B	283 B	231.8	47	2,256.2 B	236 B
'Jaffa'	2,511.5 A	291 B	250.1	48	2,261.5 B	243 A
p	0,0088	<0,0001	0,9924	0,9998	0,0002	<0,0001
CV (%)	4,45	4,04	16,51	15,72	3,98	5,90

Cultivars	MDI 81 - H	H	Harvest period
'Rubi'	41 B^(-)	05/22² ± 08	May to October^(A); June to September^(B)
'Cabula'	37 B^(-)	05/20 ± 08	-
'Piralima'	36 B^(-)	05/21 ± 10	March to June^(D)
'Lima Verde'	75 B	06/28 ± 53	June to September^(D)
'Hamlin'	42 B^(-)	05/21 ± 10	April to October^(A); May to July^(B)(D)
'Valencia'	134 A	09/18 ± 19	September to January^(A); August to December^(D)
'Valencia V1'	120 A	09/18 ± 19	-
'SCS454 Catarina'	28 B^(-)	05/21 ± 10	April to July^(B); April to June^(D)
'Newhall'	40 B^(-)	05/22 ± 08	April to May^(C); April to June^(B)(D)
'Folha Murcha'	120 A	09/21 ± 20	September to February^(A); October to February^(B)(D)
'Bahia'	62 B^(-)	06/23 ± 35	May to July^(B); May^(C); June to August^(D)
'Seleta Franck'	44 B^(-)	05/22 ± 08	May to August^(D)
'Campo Alto'	50 B^(-)	06/16 ± 26	-
'Natal'	136 A	10/04 ± 13	October to December^(D)
'Navelina'	45 B^(-)	05/21 ± 10	April to May^(C); April to June^(B)(D)
'Liberato Salzano'	45 B^(-)	06/06 ± 14	-
'Hactur'	127 A	09/18 ± 19	-
'Midknight'	120 A	09/19 ± 28	August to September^(C); July to October^(E)
'Valencia V5'	120 A	09/18 ± 19	-
'Lima Sorocaba'	39 B^(-)	05/31 ± 18	April to July^(B)
'Salustiana'	38 B^(-)	05/27 ± 11	May to June^(C); May to July^(B)
'Sanguinea'	42 B^(-)	06/10 ± 30	April to July^(B)
'Valencia Late'	112 A	09/09 ± 30	September^(C); August to November^(E)
'Lue Gim Gong'	133 A	08/30 ± 43	August to November^(D)
'Jaffa'	0 B^(-)	05/22 ± 11	May to July^(F); July to September^(B)
p	<0,0001
CV (%)	40,38