Analysis of variables that can interfere with clinical outcomes of patients presented with vocal or swallowing complaints

Dornelas, Rodrigo; Silva, Kelly da; Brendim, Mariana Pinheiro; Silveira, Livia Oliveira; Barretto, Renata Barros Sá; Fontes, Gabriela Eduarda Nicásio Gomes; Santos, Beatriz Ferreira dos; Ribeiro, Vanessa Veis; Guedes-Granzotti, Raphaela Barroso

doi:10.1590/1982-0216/20242637923

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Original articles • Rev. CEFAC 26 (3) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216/20242637923 copy

Analysis of variables that can interfere with clinical outcomes of patients presented with vocal or swallowing complaints

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

to analyze sociodemographic variables that may interfere with the clinical outcome of patients with voice or swallowing complaints.

Methods:

a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study in which the medical records of patients above 18 years old treated at the Voice Clinic of the Speech-Language-Hearing Service of the Rio de Janeiro University Hospital between 2010 and 2018, were analyzed, including 81 medical records - 47 from females and 34 from males. Patients were divided according to three types of outcomes, namely: discharge, dismissal, and abandonment. The sociodemographic variables were sex, marital status, education level, income, whether they were occupational voice users, and the main complaint. The relative and absolute frequencies were calculated to analyze the results, and the Pearson´s chi-square test was used for inferential analysis (significance level of 5%).

Results:

sociodemographic variables were not significantly associated with the outcomes when the type of complaint (voice or swallowing) was not considered, separately. The study found a significantly higher frequency of patients with voice complaints who were discharged from speech-language-hearing therapy (p = 0.020). The higher frequency of such patients who abandoned therapy was significantly associated with an income of up to one minimum wage (p = 0.041). People with swallowing complaints were not significantly associated with sociodemographic variables.

Conclusion:

the most frequent outcome was treatment abandonment. In this study, low family income was associated with treatment abandonment by patients with voice complaints. Patients with swallowing complaints had a lower frequency of treatment abandonment and discharge than patients with voice complaints.

Keywords:
Unified Health System; Health Services; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Outpatients; Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences

Variable	Category		Clinical outcome			p-value
Variable	Category		Dismissal	Abandonment	Discharge	p-value
Sex	Females	n	5	33	9	0.142
	Females	%	71.4%	52.4%	81.8%
	Males	n	2	30	2
	Males	%	28.6%	47.6%	18.2%
Marital status	Married	n	2	24	2	0.613
	Married	%	28.6%	38.1%	18.2%
	Single	n	2	20	6
	Single	%	28.6%	31.7%	54.5%
	Widow(er)	n	2	12	3
	Widow(er)	%	28.6%	19.0%	27.3%
	Divorced	n	1	7	0
	Divorced	%	14.3%	11.1%	0.0%
Education level	Middle school	n	3	43	7	0.149
	Middle school	%	42.9%	68.3%	63.6%
	High school	n	2	8	4
	High school	%	28.6%	12.7%	36.4%
	Higher education	n	2	12	0
	Higher education	%	28.6%	19.0%	0.0%
Income	Up to 1 minimum wage	n	4	53	7	0.070
	Up to 1 minimum wage	%	57.1%	84.1%	63.6%
	2 to 5 minimum wages	n	1	8	2
	2 to 5 minimum wages	%	14.3%	12.7%	18.2%
	More than 6 minimum wages	n	2	2	2
	More than 6 minimum wages	%	28.6%	3.2%	18.2%
Occupational voice user	Yes	n	5	35	5	0.557
	Yes	%	71.4%	55.6%	45.5%
	No	n	2	28	6
	No	%	28.6%	44.4%	54.5%

Variable	Category		Clinical outcome			p-value
Variable	Category		Dismissal	Abandonment	Discharge	p-value
Complaint	Voice	n	6	33	10	0.020*
	Voice	%	85.7%	52.4%	90.9%
	Swallowing	n	1	30	1
	Swallowing		14.3%	47.6%	9.1%
Professional who referred the patient	Physician	n	5	55	8	0.441
	Physician	%	71.4%	87.3%	72.7%
	Dentist	n	0	2	1
	Dentist	%	0.0%	3.2%	9.1%
	Spontaneous demand	n	2	6	2
	Spontaneous demand		28.6%	9.5%	18.2%

ABRAMO Associação Brasileira de Motricidade Orofacial Rua Uruguaiana, 516, Cep 13026-001 Campinas SP Brasil, Tel.: +55 19 3254-0342 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistacefac@cefac.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Rodrigo Dornelas, Rua Antônio Barros de Castro, 119, Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21941-853 - Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, E-mail: rodrigodornelas@medicina.ufrj.br