| Variables | Consumption of Medicines | p value† † Chi-Square Test (<0.005); | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-medication | Prescribed | ||
| n=264 (%) | n=82 (%) | ||
| Gender | 0.024 | ||
| Male | 118 (81.9) | 26 (18.1) | |
| Female | 146 (72.3) | 56 (27.7) | |
| Age (years) | 0.006 | ||
| 18 to 39 years | 162 (82.7) | 34 (17.3) | |
| 40 to 59 years | 75 (68.8) | 34 (31.2) | |
| ≥ 60 | 27 (65.9) | 14 (34.1) | |
| Mean ± Standard Deviation | 36.7/15.0 | 44.1/17.4 | |
| Schooling (full years of study) | 0.940 | ||
| Did not attend school | 26 (78.8) | 7 (21.2) | |
| 1 to 4 | 77 (75.5) | 25 (24.5) | |
| 5 to 9 | 74 (74.7) | 25 (25.3) | |
| ≥ 10 | 87 (77.7) | 25 (22.3) | |
| Mean ± Standard Deviation | 7.5/4.3 | 7.2/4 | |
| Monthly family income (Minimum Wage)†† †† Minimum Wage for April 2015 (788 reais (reais is the Brazilian currency, which corresponds to approximadetly 188 US dollars)); | 0.167 | ||
| < 1 | 95 (70.9) | 39 (29.1) | |
| 1 to 2 | 113 (80.1) | 28 (19.9) | |
| > 2 | 56 (78.9) | 15 (21.1) | |
| Mean ± Standard Deviation | 1.5/1.6 | 1.2/0.9 | |
| Household residents | 0.086 | ||
| 1 to 5 | 120 (72.7) | 45 (27.3) | |
| ≥ 6 | 144 (79.6) | 37 (20.4) | |
| Distance to access health services (km) | 0.028 | ||
| < 50 | 121 (71.2) | 49 (28.8) | |
| 50 to 100 | 77 (77.0) | 23 (23.0) | |
| > 100 | 66 (86.8) | 10 (13.2) | |
| Mean ± Standard Deviation | 66.4/56.6 | 47.9/45.4 | |
| Time to access health services (hour) | 0.001 | ||
| < 1 | 20 (54.1) | 17 (45.9) | |
| 1 to 4 | 131 (75.3) | 43 (24.7) | |
| > of 4 | 113 (83.7) | 22 (16.3) | |
| Mean ± Standard Deviation | 4.6/3.6 | 3.3/2.7 | |
| Frequency of trips to the urban area††† ††† More than once a month: every day; up to 3 times a week; once a week; once a fortnight. | 0.406 | ||
| > than once a month | 76 (71.7) | 30 (28.3) | |
| Once a month | 169 (78.2) | 47 (21.8) | |
| Don't usually go | 19 (79.2) | 5 (20.8) | |
| Search for health service | 0.001 | ||
| Yes | 63 (61.2) | 40(38.8) | |
| No | 201 (82.7) | 42(17.3) | |
| Variables | Consumption of Medicines | p value† † Teste Qui-Quadrado (< 0,005). | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-medication | Prescribed | ||
| n=264 (%) | n=82 (%) | ||
| Self-perceived health | 0.049 | ||
| Very good/good | 123 (82.0) | 27 (18.0) | |
| Regular/very bad/bad | 141 (53.4) | 7 (46.6) | |
| Health problem | 0.272 | ||
| Yes | 228 (77.0) | 68 (23.0) | |
| No | 36 (72.0) | 14 (28.0) | |
| Alcohol use | 0.030 | ||
| Yes | 74 (84.1) | 14 (15.9) | |
| No | 190 (73.6) | 68 (26.4) | |
| Smoking | 0.055 | ||
| Yes | 79 (70.5) | 33 (29.5) | |
| No | 185 (79.1) | 49 (20.9) | |
| Habit of consumption of allopathic medicines on their own | 0.001 | ||
| Yes | 244 (80.0) | 61 (20.0) | |
| No | 20 (48.8) | 21 (51.2) | |
| Joint use of allopathic medicine and medicinal plants | 0.669 | ||
| Yes | 222 (74.7) | 42 (25.3) | |
| No | 224 (77.8) | 40 (22.2) | |
| Number of medicines used | 0.446 | ||
| 1 | 162 (76.8) | 49 (23.2) | |
| 2 to 4 | 102 (75.6) | 33 (24.4) | |
| Mean ± Standard Deviation | 1.4/0.7 | 1.6/0.8 | |
| Stores medicines at home | 0.086 | ||
| Yes | 117 (78.0) | 33 (22.0) | |
| No | 147 (75.0) | 49 (25.0) | |
| Therapeutic/pharmacological subgroup - Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification - Level 2 |
Consumption modality | |
|---|---|---|
| Self-medication | Prescribed | |
| n=360 (%) | n=190 (%) | |
| Analgesics | 207 (57.5) | 36 (19.0) |
| Antibacterials for systemic use | 47 (13.0) | 23 (12.1) |
| Anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic products | 34 (9.4) | 19 (10.0) |
| Antithrombolytic agents | 19 (5.2) | 9 (4.7) |
| Anti-anemic preparations | 10 (2.7) | 9 (4.7) |
| Medicines for acid disorders | 8 (2.2) | 19 (10.0) |
| Vitamins | 7 (1.9) | 7 (3.7) |
| Anthelmintics | 4 (1.1) | --- |
| Corticosteroids for systemic use | 3 (0.8) | 1 (0.5) |
| Hormones and modulators of the genital system | 3 (0.8) | 4 (2.1) |
| Muscle relaxants | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.5) |
| Mineral supplements | 2 (0.6) | 2 (1.1) |
| Intestinal agents, anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory/anti-infectious | 2 (0.6) | 3 (1.6) |
| Constipation medications | 2 (0.6) | --- |
| Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system | 2 (0.6) | 20 (10.6) |
| Antipruritic agents, including antihistamines, anesthetics, other | 2 (0.6) | --- |
| Lipid-modifying agents | 1 (0.3) | 4 (2.1) |
| Antifungals for dermatological use | 1 (0.3) | 3 (1.6) |
| Antihistamines for systemic use | 1 (0.3) | --- |
| Medicines for gastrointestinal disorders | 1 (0.3) | 5 (2.6) |
| Ophthalmological | 1 (0.3) | --- |
| Preparations for cough and cold | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.5) |
| Antiparkinsonian agents | --- | 1 (0.5) |
| Antiprotozoals | --- | 2 (1.1) |
| Antiemetics | --- | 1 (0.5) |
| Calcium-channel blockers | --- | 3 (1.6) |
| Diuretics | --- | 5 (2.6) |
| Psychoanaleptics | --- | 1 (0.5) |
| Psycholeptics | --- | 1 (0.5) |
| Beta-blocking agents | --- | 3 (1.6) |
| Medicinal products for obstructive airway diseases | --- | 1 (0.5) |
| Medicinal products used in diabetes | --- | 6 (3.2) |
| Total | 360 (100.0) | 190 (100.0) |
| Health reasons | Medicine | n=360 | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pain in general† † Pain in general: headache, back, muscle, joints and abdominal pain; | acetylsalicylic acid; ampicillin; calcium carbonate; diclofenac; ibuprofen; dipyrone; nimesulide; paracetamol; combined paracetamol excluding psycholeptics; sulfadiazine; cyclobenzaprine; magnesium sulfate; prednisolone ; naproxen; betamethasone | 209 | 58.1 |
| FLU | acetylsalicylic acid; amoxicillin; ampicillin; dipyrone; paracetamol; combined paracetamol excluding psycholeptics; tetracycline; ambroxol; dexchlorpheniramine | 41 | 11.4 |
| Inflammation†† †† inflammation: tendonitis, arthritis, inflammation of wounds, eyes, ear and throat; | amoxicillin; ampicillin; azithromycin; benzocaine; dexamethasone; diclofenac; dipyrone; ibuprofen; paracetamol; combined paracetamol excluding psycholeptics; broad spectrum penicillin; sulfadiazine; sulfamethoxazole; tetracycline; | 26 | 7.2 |
| Anemia | Ascorbic acid; calcium glycerophosphate; ferrous amino acid complex; ferrous sulphate; folic acid; vitamin B complex; omega 3 including other esters and acids | 18 | 5.0 |
| Fever | acetylsalicylic acid; dipyrone; paracetamol; sulfadiazine; magnesium sulfate | 17 | 4.7 |
| Urinary tract infection | amoxicillin; cephalexin; sulfadiazine; methenamine | 13 | 3.6 |
| Gastrointestinal disorders††† ††† stomach disorders: diarrhea, gastritis, heartburn and vomiting. | acetylsalicylic acid; albendazole; aluminum hydroxide; ibuprofen; loperamide; omeprazole; ranitidine; sulfadiazine; sulfamethoxazole; tetracycline; metoclopramide | 11 | 3.1 |
| Hypertension | acetylsalicylic acid; captopril | 11 | 3.1 |
| Cough | amoxicillin; paracetamol | 4 | 1.1 |
| Worms | albendazole; mebendazole | 3 | 0.8 |
| Allergy | combined paracetamol excluding psycholeptics; tetracycline; promethazine | 3 | 0.8 |
| Birth control | levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol | 3 | 0.8 |
| Rheumatic disease | diclofenac; prednisolone | 1 | 0.3 |
| Variables | OR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|
| Final Model | ||
| Gender | 0.009 | |
| Male | 2.20(1.21-4.01) | |
| Female | 1.0 | |
| Age (years) | 0.003 | |
| 18 to 39 years | 2.50(1.06-5.91) | |
| 40 to 59 years | 0.92(0.39-2.18) | |
| ≥ 60 | 1.0 | |
| Search for health service | 0.001 | |
| Yes | 1.0 | |
| No | 2.90(1.66-5.09) | |
| Time spent traveling from the community to the urban area (hour) | 0.001 | |
| <1 | 1.0 | |
| 1 to 4 | 2.84(1.26-6.41) | |
| <4 | 5.27(2.18-12.74) | |
| Habit of consumption of allopathic medicines on their own | 0.003 | |
| Yes | 3.14(1.49-6.61) | |
| No | 1.0 |
