It has been evaluated by a nursing exam in ophtalmologic prevention at Hospital Estadual Curupaiti, RJ, 108 leprosy patients without treatment before this illness, in order to detect the level of visual system complications at the first contact with health service. Many complications had been detected and we noticed that the prevalence increases in direct dependency of different factors such as: age, disease time and ceinicar forms. From this situation on, we try to emphasize the necessity of a routine and a systematic evaluation of the visual system by the health professionals who work at leprosy control programme