Implicaciones familiares durante la privación de libertad y la Teoría del Apego: una metasíntesis cualitativa

Gato, Caroline Menzel; Nascimento, Lucila Castanheira; Simoneti, Rafaela Azevedo Abrantes de Oliveira; Massaroli, Aline; Silva, Sílvio Éder Dias da; Araújo, Jeferson Santos

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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REVIEW • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 75 (Suppl 2) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0722 copiar

Implicaciones familiares durante la privación de libertad y la Teoría del Apego: una metasíntesis cualitativa

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivos:

sintetizar evidencias de estudios cualitativos sobre las implicaciones que tiene el proceso de privación de libertad en las relaciones familiares de los prisioneros.

Métodos:

metasíntesis cualitativa, realizada en enero de 2021, mediante búsqueda de publicaciones indexadas en seis bases de datos. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 10 estudios, los cuales fueron analizados por el software MaxQDA®, y se realizó una síntesis interpretativa basada en la Teoría del Apego.

Resultados:

a partir de los conceptos de primer orden, fue posible sintetizar los conceptos de segundo y tercer orden y presentarlos en dos unidades de contexto interpretativo: Estrategias para el fortalecimiento de los vínculos familiares; Relaciones que contribuyen a la ruptura de los lazos familiares. Se evidenció que las visitas, llamadas telefónicas y cartas favorecen el fortalecimiento del apego seguro.

Consideraciones Finales:

el encarcelamiento provoca consecuencias en la formación de vínculos, reflexionando sobre el proceso de apego entre los miembros de la familia.

Descriptores:
Relaciones Familiares; Familia; Prisioneros; Afecto; Enfermería

Questions	Authors*
Questions	Dennison(²³23 Dennison S, Smallbone H, Stewart A, Freiberg K, Teague R. ‘My Life Is Separated’: an examination of the challenges and barriers to parenting for indigenous fathers in prison. Brit J Criminol. 2014;54:1089–108. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azu072 https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azu072... )	Sharratt(²⁴24 Sharratt, Kathryn. Children's experiences of contact with imprisoned parents: A comparison between four European countries. European J Criminol. 2014;11(6):760-75. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370814525936 https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370814525936... )	Rosa(²⁵25 Ricaldi da Rosa L. La persona presa y (en) su trama social: un análisis pertinente Subj Procesos Cogn. 2015[cited 2020 May 10];19(2):208-26. Available from: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3396/339643529011.pdf https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3396/3396435... )	Pereira(²⁶26 Pereira ÉL. Families of incarcerated women, health promotion and access to social policies in the Federal District, Brazil. Ciên Saúde Coletiva. 2016;21(7):2123-34. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015217.16792015 https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015217... )	Shlafer(²⁷27 Shlafer RJ, Gerrity E, Duwe G. Pregnancy and parenting support for incarcerated women: lessons learned. Prog Community Health Partnersh. 2015;9(3):371-8. https://doi.org/10.1353/cpr.2015.0061 https://doi.org/10.1353/cpr.2015.0061... )	Poehlmann-tynan(²⁸28 Poehlmann-Tynan J, Burnson C, Runion H, Weymouth LA. Attachment in young children with incarcerated fathers. Dev Psychopathol. 2017;29(2):p.389-404. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417000062 https://doi.org/10.1017/S095457941700006... )	Sufrin(²⁹29 Sufrin S. Making mothers in jail: carceral reproduction of normative motherhood. Reprod Biomed Soc Online [Internet]. 2018[cited 2021 May 12];7:55-65. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30740546/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30740546... )	Mccarthy(³⁰30 McCarthy D, Adams M. Assessing the deployment of informal support networks for mothers of incarcerated young men. European J Criminol. 2019;18(6):799-816 https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370819884253 https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370819884253... )	Mccarthy(³¹31 McCarthy D, Adams M. Can family–prisoner relationships ever improve during incarceration? examining the primary caregivers of incarcerated young men, British J Criminol. 2019;59(2):378–95. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azy039 https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azy039... )	Davison(³²32 Davison KM, D’Andreamatteo C, Markham S, Holloway C, Marshall G, Smye VL. Food security in the context of paternal incarceration: family impact perspectives. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16:776. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050776 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050776... )
1. Have the research objectives been clearly reported?	●	●	●	●	●	⦸	●	●	●	●
2. Has the qualitative methodology been adequate?	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
3. Has the research design been adequate to achieve the proposed objectives?	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
4. Has the recruitment strategy been adequate to the research objectives?	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
5. Has the data been collected in order to address the research question?	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
6. Has the relationship between the researcher and participants been properly considered?	●	☓	☓	☓	●	●	●	☓	☓	☓
7. Have ethical issues been considered?	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
8. Has the data analysis been rigorous enough?	●	●	●	●	☓	●	●	●	●	●
9. Have the results been reported clearly?	●	●	●	●	●	⦸	●	●	●	●
10. Has the survey brought contributions?	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●
- Classification ---------------------------	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A

Title	Country/Year	Objectives	Population/Place
My life is separated: An Examination of The Challenges And Barriers To Parenting For Indigenous Fathers In Prison(²³23 Dennison S, Smallbone H, Stewart A, Freiberg K, Teague R. ‘My Life Is Separated’: an examination of the challenges and barriers to parenting for indigenous fathers in prison. Brit J Criminol. 2014;54:1089–108. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azu072 https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azu072... )	Australia/ 2014	Examine each participant’s identity as parents in prison and the barriers associated with maintaining relationships with their children.	41 Indigenous parents from two prisons in North Queensland.
Children’s Experiences of Contact with Imprisoned Parents: A Comparison between Four European Countries(²⁴24 Sharratt, Kathryn. Children's experiences of contact with imprisoned parents: A comparison between four European countries. European J Criminol. 2014;11(6):760-75. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370814525936 https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370814525936... )	United Kingdom, Germany, Romania and Sweden/2014	Explore the impact of parental imprisonment on children, including questions about family relationships, physical and emotional well-being, school, social life, and involvement with support services.	135 families of prisoners in European countries.
La persona presa y (en) su trama social: un análisis pertinente (²⁵25 Ricaldi da Rosa L. La persona presa y (en) su trama social: un análisis pertinente Subj Procesos Cogn. 2015[cited 2020 May 10];19(2):208-26. Available from: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3396/339643529011.pdf https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3396/3396435... )	Brazil/2015	Analyze incarcerated adults’ perception of their socio-affective support network in the process of preparing for freedom, through the mapping of microsystems, analysis of the network’s functioning and identification of expectations.	Incarcerated adults in semi-open and open regime.
Famílias de mulheres presas, promoção da saúde e acesso às políticas sociais no Distrito Federal, Brasil (²⁶26 Pereira ÉL. Families of incarcerated women, health promotion and access to social policies in the Federal District, Brazil. Ciên Saúde Coletiva. 2016;21(7):2123-34. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015217.16792015 https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015217... )	Brazil/2016	Contribute to the construction of health promotion strategies for the female population living in prison.	20 family members (mother, daughter, aunt and partner) of women imprisoned in the Federal District.
Pregnancy and Parenting Support for Incarcerated Women: Lessons Learned(²⁷27 Shlafer RJ, Gerrity E, Duwe G. Pregnancy and parenting support for incarcerated women: lessons learned. Prog Community Health Partnersh. 2015;9(3):371-8. https://doi.org/10.1353/cpr.2015.0061 https://doi.org/10.1353/cpr.2015.0061... )	United States/2017	Identify lessons learned in a pilot study by the university community on a pregnancy and parenting support program.	48 women participating in The Minnesota Prison Doula Project.
Attachment in Young Children with Incarcerated Fathers(²⁸28 Poehlmann-Tynan J, Burnson C, Runion H, Weymouth LA. Attachment in young children with incarcerated fathers. Dev Psychopathol. 2017;29(2):p.389-404. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417000062 https://doi.org/10.1017/S095457941700006... )	United States/2017	Examine attachment behavior of young children during parental incarceration and to report the initial validity of a new measure used to classify children related to attachment, behaviors, and emotions during visits in correctional settings.	77 children, ages 2 to 6, and their incarcerated parents and current caregivers participated in the home visiting portion of the study, while 28 of these children participated in the prison visit.
Making mothers in jail: carceral reproduction of normative motherhood(²⁹29 Sufrin S. Making mothers in jail: carceral reproduction of normative motherhood. Reprod Biomed Soc Online [Internet]. 2018[cited 2021 May 12];7:55-65. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30740546/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30740546... )	United States/2018	Analyze how women’s reproduction is experienced and managed by prison institutions and how mass incarceration itself is a reproductive technology.	Incarcerated women, jailers and health professionals at the units.
Assessing the deployment of informal support networks for mothers of incarcerated young men(³⁰30 McCarthy D, Adams M. Assessing the deployment of informal support networks for mothers of incarcerated young men. European J Criminol. 2019;18(6):799-816 https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370819884253 https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370819884253... )	United Kingdom/ 2019	Analyze who caregivers turn to after the offense and the extent to which these networks operate as a means of providing emotional (and sometimes material) support to incarcerated adults’ families.	37 mothers of adolescents/young adults deprived of liberty.
Can family–prisoner relationships ever improve during incarceration? examining the primary caregivers of incarcerated young men(³¹31 McCarthy D, Adams M. Can family–prisoner relationships ever improve during incarceration? examining the primary caregivers of incarcerated young men, British J Criminol. 2019;59(2):378–95. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azy039 https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azy039... )	United Kingdom/ 2019	Analyze how caregivers reflect on the change in relationships with young people during incarceration.	61 caregivers who visited two English prisons for young offenders.
Food Security in the Context of Paternal Incarceration: Family Impact Perspectives(³²32 Davison KM, D’Andreamatteo C, Markham S, Holloway C, Marshall G, Smye VL. Food security in the context of paternal incarceration: family impact perspectives. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16:776. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050776 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050776... )	Canada/2019	Understand the relationship between paternal incarceration and family food insecurity in Canada.	63 participants, such as previously incarcerated parents, their partners and stakeholders in social reintegration.

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[1] Corresponding author: Jeferson Santos Araújo E-mail: jeferson.araujo@uffs.edu.br