Effects of auriculotherapy on labour pain: a randomized clinical trial

Mafetoni, Reginaldo Roque; Shimo, Antonieta Keiko Kakuda

doi:10.1590/S0080-623420160000600003

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Artigo Original • Rev. esc. enferm. USP 50 (05) • Sep-Oct 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-623420160000600003 copy

Effects of auriculotherapy on labour pain: a randomized clinical trial^{^} Extracted from preliminary data of the thesis "Efeitos da auriculoterapia no trabalho de parto: ensaio clínico randomizado", Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2015.

Efectos de la auriculoterapia sobre el dolor del trabajo de parto: ensayo clínico aleatorizado

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Assessing the effects of auriculotherapy in pain control and its outcomes on the duration of labour.

METHOD

This is a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial with preliminary data. Thirty pregnant women with gestational age ≥ 37 weeks, cervical dilatation ≥ 4 cm and two or more contractions in 10 minutes were selected and randomly divided into three groups: auriculotherapy, placebo and control. Auriculotherapy was applied using crystal beads on four strategic points.

RESULTS

No statistical significance was found between the groups with regard to pain; however, the women from the auriculotherapy group had lower intensity and less perception of pain at 30, 60 and 120 minutes of treatment. The average duration of labour was shorter in the auriculotherapy group (248.7 versus placebo 414.8 versus control 296.3 minutes); caesarean section rates were higher in the placebo group (50%) and the same in the other groups (10%).

CONCLUSION

Mothers who received auriculotherapy presented a tendency for greater pain control and shorter labour duration; however, caesarean section rates in this group were similar to the control group. This trial precedes a larger study in progress. Registration of Brazilian Clinical Trials: RBR-47hhbj.

Descriptors
Labor Pain; Labor, Obstetric; Cesarean Section; Obstetric Nursing

	Study group
Variable	Auriculotherapy	Placebo	Control
	(n = 10)	(n = 10)	(n = 10)
Age (years), average (SD)	22.2 (6.3)	22.8 (5.8)	22.9 (4.5)
Marital status, n (%)
With a partner	8 (80.0)	10 (100)	9 (90.0)
Without a partner	2 (20.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (10.0)
Education level (years of education), average (SD)	11.6 (4.6)	8.3 (2.2)	8.5 (3.1)
N. of prenatal consultations, average (SD)	9.5 (2.6)	10.5 (3.0)	8.5 (3.8)
N. of gestations, average (SD)	1.3 (0.7)	1.8 (1.2)	2.1 (1.6)
Parity, n (%)
Nulliparous	8 (80.0)	5 (50.0)	5 (50.0)
Multiparous	2 (20.0)	5 (50.0)	5 (50.0)
Induced labour, n (%)	3 (30.0)	7 (70.0)	4 (40.0)
Amniotic membranes, n (%)
Intact	8 (80.0)	6 (60.0)	6 (60.0)
Artificial rupture of membranes	1 (10.0)	2 (20.0)	2 (20.0)
Spontaneous rupture of membranes	1 (10.0)	2 (20.0)	2 (20.0)
Cervical dilatation (cm), average (SD)	4.8 (0.8)	4.7 (0.7)	5.1 (0.9)
N. of contractions, average (SD)	3.0 (0.8)	3.2 (0.8)	3.3 (1.1)
Intensity of contractions, n (%)
Weak	0 (0.0)	1 (10.0)	0 (0.0)
Moderate	6 (60.0)	7 (70.0)	6 (60.0)
Strong	4 (40.0)	2 (20.0)	4 (40.0)

	Study group						p-value
Variable	Auriculotherapy		Placebo		Control
	(n = 10)		(n = 10)		(n = 10)
VAS^* * Visual Analogue Scale.	Average	SD	Average	SD	Average	SD
Prior to treatment	7.1	(1.4)	6.5	(2.3)	7.8	(1.8)	0.318^† † Kruskal-Wallis test, p-value < 0.0125.
At 30 min/treatment	6.7	(2.1)	6.7	(2.3)	8.2	(1.8)	0.199^† † Kruskal-Wallis test, p-value < 0.0125.
At 60 min/treatment	6.7	(1.9)	7.1	(2.2)	8.2	(1.7)	0.219^† † Kruskal-Wallis test, p-value < 0.0125.
At 120 min/treatment	5.5	(3.5)	7.9	(2.0)	7.9	(3.8)	0.271^† † Kruskal-Wallis test, p-value < 0.0125.
Perception of pain (30 min)	n	%	n	%	n	%
Better	3	(30.0)	1	(10.0)	0	(0.0)
Same	6	(60.0)	7	(70.0)	6	(60.0)	0.311^‡ ‡ Fisher Exact test, p-value < 0.167.
Worse	1	(10.0)	2	(20.0)	4	(40.0)
Perception of pain (60 min)	n	%	n	%	n	%
Better	3	(30.0)	1	(10.0)	3	(30.0)
Same	5	(50.0)	3	(30.0)	5	(50.0)	0.462^‡ ‡ Fisher Exact test, p-value < 0.167.
Worse	2	(20.0)	6	(60.0)	2	(20.0)
Perception of pain (120 min)	n	%	n	%	n	%
Better	2	(25.0)	0	(0.0)	0	(0.0)
Same	4	(50.0)	3	(30.0)	3	(37.5)	0.192^‡ ‡ Fisher Exact test, p-value < 0.167.
Worse	2	(25.0)	7	(70.0)	5	(62.5)
Not reported (losses)	2		0		2

	Study group
Variable	Auriculotherapy		Placebo		Control		p-value
	(n = 10)		(n = 10)		(n = 10)
Labour duration (min)	Average	SD	Average	SD	Average	SD
Until treatment	332.0	(141.9)	453.2	(370.6)	410.0	(270.7)	0.951*
From treatment to birth	248.7	(98.8)	414.8	(319.3)	296.3	(187.3)	-
Induction of labour	n	%	n	%	n	%	-
Prostaglandin	3	(30.0)	3	(30.0)	3	(30.0)	-
Oxytocin	4	(40.0)	7	(70.0)	2	(20.0)	-
Type of delivery	n	%	n	%	n	%
Vaginal	9	(90.0)	5	(50.0)	9	(90.0)	-
Caesarean	1	(10.0)	5	(50.0)	1	(10.0)	-
Apgar scores	Average	SD	Average	SD	Average	SD
1^st minute	9.4	(0.5)	8.1	(1.8)	8.2	(2.9)	0.123^* * Kruskal-Wallis test, p-value < 0.0125.
5^th minute	9.8	(0.4)	9.7	(0.5)	9.1	(2.9)	0.636^* * Kruskal-Wallis test, p-value < 0.0125.

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Reginaldo Roque Mafetoni. Hospital da Mulher "Prof. Dr. José Aristodemo Pinotti" - CAISM/UNICAMP. Rua Alexander Flemming, 101. 13083-881 - Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. mafetoni@unicamp.br

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Effects of auriculotherapy on labour pain: a randomized clinical trial* * Extracted from preliminary data of the thesis "Efeitos da auriculoterapia no trabalho de parto: ensaio clínico randomizado", Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2015.

Efectos de la auriculoterapia sobre el dolor del trabajo de parto: ensayo clínico aleatorizado

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

METHOD

RESULTS

CONCLUSION

Effects of auriculotherapy on labour pain: a randomized clinical trial^{^} Extracted from preliminary data of the thesis "Efeitos da auriculoterapia no trabalho de parto: ensaio clínico randomizado", Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2015.