Sexual violence against children and adolescents: an analysis of prevalence and associated factors

Miranda, Millena Haline Hermenegildo; Fernandes, Flávia Emília Cavalcante Valença; Melo, Rosana Alves de; Meireles, Raísa Cardoso

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Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP

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Original Article • Rev. esc. enferm. USP 54 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2019013303633 copy

Sexual violence against children and adolescents: an analysis of prevalence and associated factors^* * Extracted from the monograph: “Prevalência da violência contra crianças e adolescentes e fatores associados”, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Hospital Dom Malan, Programa de Residência em Área Profissional de Saúde, Residência de Enfermagem em Saúde da Criança, 2019.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with sexual violence against children and adolescents in the city of Petrolina/Pernambuco.

Method:

Ecological study carried out with data from children and adolescents who were victims of sexual violence, collected in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases and analyzed according to descriptive and inferential statistics, with multiple logistic regression.

Results:

A total of 1,232 cases of sexual violence against children and adolescents were registered, with a prevalence of 30.6%. Sexual violence was more likely to occur among female victims (Odds Ratio = 11.39), in their own home (Odds Ratio = 1.96), and the father was the most likely aggressor (Odds Ratio = 8.97). Alcohol use by the aggressor increased the chance for the outcome (Odds Ratio = 2.26).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of sexual violence and associated factors point to the need to implement humane practices within a network of health services integrated with other public systems, with the objective of promoting, protecting and defending the rights of children and adolescents.

DESCRIPTORS
Sex Offences; Child Abuse, Sexual; Child; Adolescent; Pediatric Nursing; Health Information Systems

Variables related to the victim	N.	%	95%CI
Age group
Less than 1 year	10	0.8	0.4	—	1.5
1 to 9 years	232	18.8	16.7	—	21.1
10 to 19 years	990	80.4	78.0	—	82.4
Gender
Male	52	4.2	3.2	—	5.4
Female	1,180	95.8	94.5	—	96.7

Variables related to the occurrence	N.	%	95%CI
Area of the occurrence
Urban	818	67.3	64.6	—	69.9
Rural	388	31.9	29.3	—	34.6
Peri-urban	9	0.7	0.3	—	1.4
Place of the occurrence
Residence	1,140	89.9	88.0	—	91.4
Others	117	10.1	8.5	—	11.9
Did it happen other times?
Yes	501	47.1	44.1	—	50.1
No	562	52.9	49.8	—	55.8
Gender of the aggressor
Male	1,150	97.3	96.1	—	98.0
Female	24	2.0	1.3	—	3.0
Both genders	8	0.7	0.3	—	1.3
Relationship between aggressor and victim
Father	46	4.0	3.0	—	5.3
Mother	13	1.1	0.6	—	1.9
Stepfather	58	5.1	3.9	—	6.4
Boyfriend/girlfriend	388	33.8	31	—	36.5
Acquaintance	178	15.5	13.5	—	17.7
Stranger	112	9.8	8.1	—	11.6
Caregiver	2	0.2	0.04	—	0.6
Suspicion of alcohol use by the aggressor
Yes	44	7.2	5.4	—	9.5
No	564	92.8	90.4	—	94.5
Number of people involved
One	1,110	95.1	93.7	—	96.2
Two or more	57	4.9	3.7	—	6.2

Variables	Adjusted OR	p-value	95%CI
Age of the victim	0.91	0.000	0.87	—	0.95
Gender of the victim
Male	1
Female	11.39	0.000	6.63	—	19.56
Area of the occurrence
Urban	1
Rural	1.14	0.405	0.84	—	1.54
Peri-urban	1.08	0.923	0.22	—	5.23
Place of the occurrence
Residence	1.96	0.005	1.23	—	3.12
Other places	1
Did it happen other times?
Yes	0.45	0.000	0.34	—	0.60
No	1
Gender of the aggressor
Male	1
Female	0.02	0.000	0.01	—	0.04
Both genders	0.03	0.000	0.01	—	0.13
Relationship between aggressor and victim
Father	8.97	0.000	4.44	—	18.11
Other aggressor	1
Suspicion of alcohol use by the aggressor
Yes	2.26	0.003	1.32	—	3.85
No	1
Number of people involved
One	1.24	0.633	0.51	—	2.98
Two or more	1

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Millena Haline Hermenegildo Miranda, Rua Chile, 07 – Dom Tomaz, CEP 48905-544 – Juazeiro, BA, Brazil. millena.haline@hotmail.com