Autopercepción de salud y características clínicas en estudiantes jóvenes adultos de una parte del interior del nordeste brasileño

Moreira, Thereza Maria Magalhães; Santiago, Jênifa Cavalcante dos Santos; Alencar, Gizelton Pereira

doi:10.1590/S0080-6234201400005000004

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Original Article • Rev. esc. enferm. USP 48 (05) • Oct 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-6234201400005000004 copiar

Autopercepción de salud y características clínicas en estudiantes jóvenes adultos de una parte del interior del nordeste brasileño

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objetivo

Analizar la asociación entre la situación socioeconómica, los rasgos clínicos mencionados y los antecedentes de enfermedad cardiovascular familiar, con la autopercepción de la salud de estudiantes adultos jóvenes y sus implicaciones en las características clínicas observadas.

Método

Estudio analítico desarrollado con 501 estudiantes jóvenes adultos de una parte del interior del Nordeste brasileño. Se utilizó la regresión logística binaria.

Resultados

El modelo final explicó el 83,3% de la autopercepción de salud positiva, confirmando la asociación de la Autopercepción de salud con sexo masculino, vivienda en comunidad, tener estilo de vida excelente/muy bueno y no tener o no saber que hay casos de AVC en la familia.

Conclusión

La percepción de salud a menudo fue optimista, necesitándose identificar los dispositivos que se deben trabajar para acercar la percepción de su real condición de salud, incrementando la efectividad de las acciones de promoción de la salud desarrolladas por los profesionales.

Enfermedades cardiovasculares; Factores de riesgo; Adulto joven; Estudiantes; Promoción de la salud; Enfermería en salud pública

Predictive variables	Outcome: Self-perceived health		Total	p
Predictive variables	Positive	Negative	Total	p
Gender (n=499)				<0,001^* * The minimum wage in Brazil corresponds to R$ 724,00 reais or U$ 323,27 dollars according to the Central Bank of Brazil on August 30th, 2014
Male	163	81	244
Female	125	130	255
Marital status (n=497)				0,026^* * The minimum wage in Brazil corresponds to R$ 724,00 reais or U$ 323,27 dollars according to the Central Bank of Brazil on August 30th, 2014
Single/Separated	235	153	388
Married/Stable union	53	56	109
Children (n=492)				0,181^* * The minimum wage in Brazil corresponds to R$ 724,00 reais or U$ 323,27 dollars according to the Central Bank of Brazil on August 30th, 2014
Yes	56	52	108
No	228	156	384
Paid job (n=482)				0,68
Yes	177	127	304
No	103	75	178
Family income/per month (n=499)				0,907
Up to two minimum wages^* * The minimum wage in Brazil corresponds to R$ 724,00 reais or U$ 323,27 dollars according to the Central Bank of Brazil on August 30th, 2014 (MW)	232	168	400
More than two MW	56	43	99
Father’s education (n=454)				0,397
Up to elementary education	181	144	325
High school	62	42	104
College education	17	8	25
Mother’s education (n=492)				0,636
Up to elementary education	205	157	362
High school	65	40	105
College education	16	9	25
Live in a slum (n=501)				0,060^* * The minimum wage in Brazil corresponds to R$ 724,00 reais or U$ 323,27 dollars according to the Central Bank of Brazil on August 30th, 2014
Yes	17	22	39
No	273	189	462

Predictive variables	Outcome: Self-perceived health		Total	p
Predictive variables	Positive=1	Negative=2	Total	p
Do you have hypertension? (n=501)				0,041*
Yes	3	5	8
No	194	119	313
I don’t know	93	87	180
Do you have diabetes? (n=499)				0,024*
Yes	4	1	5
No	171	103	274
I don’t know	113	107	220
Have you done or are you doing treatments for systemic hypertension? (n=501)				0,975
Yes	7	5	12
No	283	206	489
Have you done or are you doing treatments for DM? (n=501)				0,661
Yes	4	2	6
No	286	209	495
Has any health professional told you have systemic hypertension? (n=501)				0,014*
Yes	2	8	10
No	288	203	491
Has any health professional told you have dyslipidemia? (n=501)				0,024*
Yes	4	10	14
No	286	201	487
Has any health professional told you have hyperglycemia/diabetes? (n=501)				0,024*
Yes	4	10	14
No	286	201	487
Has any health professional told you are overweight/obese? (n=501)				0,011*
Yes	21	30	51
No	269	181	450
Fantastic LifeStyle (FLS) (n=364)				0,005*
Excellent and Very good	23	31	54
Good	93	77	170
Regular and need improvement	94	46	140

Predictive variables	Outcome: Self-perceived health		Total	p
Predictive variables	Positive=1	Negative=2	Total	p
Father’s overweight/obesity (n=466)				0.366
Low weight	10	8	18
Normal weight	218	145	363
Overweight/Obesity	44	41	85
Mother’s overweight/obesity (n=501)				0.054*
Low weight	12	9	21
Normal weight	211	133	344
Overweight/Obesity	67	69	136
Predictive variables	Outcome: Self-perceived health		Total	p
Predictive variables	Positive=1	Negative=2	Total	p
Hypertension in the family (n=501)				0.083*
Yes	164	139	303
No	70	36	106
Doesn’t know	56	36	92
DM in the family (n=501)				0.089*
Yes	132	105	237
No	114	64	178
Doesn’t know	44	42	86
Heart disease in the family (n=501)				0.021*
Yes	104	84	188
No	131	71	202
Doesn’t know	55	56	111
Stroke in the family (n=501)				<0.001*
Yes	34	57	91
No	197	93	290
Doesn’t know	59	61	120
Heart attack in the family (n=501)				0.001*
Yes	20	29	49
No	211	121	332
Doesn’t know	59	61	120
High Cholesterol in family members (n=501)				0.331
Yes	98	77	175
No	119	73	192
Doesn’t know	73	61	134

Predictive variables	Outcome: Self-perceived health		Total	P
Predictive variables	Positive=1	Negative=2	Total	P
Glycemia (n=501)				0.936
Normal	280	204	484
Altered	10	7	17
Abdominal circumference-AC
Female (n=255)				0.088*
Normal	105	98	203
Altered	20	32	52
Male (n=244)				0.104*
Normal	157	74	231
Altered	6	7	13
Systolic blood pressure-SBP (n=501)				0.092*
Normal	275	192	467
Altered	15	19	34
Diastolic blood pressure-DBP (n=501)				0.585
Normal	270	199	469
Altered	20	12	32
BMI (n=501)				0.002*
Low weight	12	16	28
Normal	189	105	294
Overweight/Obesity	89	90	179

	Variables	p	Odds adjusted	95%CI
Block 1	Male	0.000*	0.478	[0.327 - 0.697]
SES	Marital status: single. widow or separated	0.108	0.680	[0.424 -1.089]
	Children	0.886	0.966	[0.599 -1.556]
	Live in slums	0.024*	2.190	[1.111 - 4.314]
Block 2	Hypertension yes	0.862	0.824	[0.092 - 7.352]
CCr	Hypertension no	0.288	0.756	[0.452 - 1.266]
	Hypertension doesn’t know	0.568
	Diabetes yes	0.233	0.181	[0.011 - 3.010]
	Diabetes no	0.276	0.758	[0.461 - 1.247]
	Diabetes doesn’t know	0.310
	Health care professional says you have hypertension	0.426	2.237	[0.308 - 16.235]
	Health care professional says you have dyslipidemia	0.450	1.837	[0.380 - 8.888]
	Health care professional says you have hyperglycemia/diabetes	0.145	3.424	[0.654 - 17.924]
	Health care professional says you are overweight/obese	0.236	1.520	[0.760 - 3.038]
	Lifestyle Excellent and Very Good	0.006*	2.549	[1.315 - 4.944]
	Lifestyle Good	0.055*	1.597	[0.989 - 2.580]
	Lifestyle Regular and Needs Improvement	0.015*
Block 3	Obese mother yes	0.419	0.665	[0.247 - 1.790]
DCVf	Obese mother no	0.143	0.729	[0.477 - 1.113]
	Obese mother doesn’t know	0.317
	Hypertension in the family yes	0.133	1.539	[0.877 - 2.702]
	Hypertension in the family no	0.382	1.362	[0.681 - 2.727]
	Hypertension in the family doesn’t know	0.319
	Heart disease in the family yes	0.319	0.738	[0.417 - 1.306]
	Heart disease in the family no	0.388	0.765	[0.417 - 1.406]
	Heart disease in the family doesn’t know	0.568
	Stroke in the family yes	0.199	1.492	[0.811 - 2.745]
	Stroke in the family no	0.016*	0.518	[0.304 - 0.883]
	Stroke in the family doesn’t know	0.000*
	Diabetes in the family yes	0.698	0.896	[0.513 - 1.564]
	Diabetes in the family no	0.766	0.912	[0.496 - 1.677]
	Diabetes in the family doesn’t know	0.927
	Heart attack in the family yes	0.197	1.643	[0.773 - 3.491]
	Heart attack in the family no	0.542	0.848	[0.499 - 1.440]
	Heart attack in the family doesn’t know	0.155
Block 4	Increased waist circumference	0.038*	0.536	[0.298 - 0.966]
CCo	Normal systolic blood pressure	0.186	0.616	[0.301 - 1.262]
	BMI (Underweight)	0.234	1.658	[0.721 - 3.811]
	BMI (Normal)	0.126	0.711	[0.459 - 1.101]
	BMI (Overweight/Obesity)	0.054

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[1] Correspondence: Thereza Maria Magalhães Moreira.  Rua Osvaldo Cruz, 1772 – Apto. 1002 - Aldeota . CEP 60125-150 - Fortaleza, CE, Brasil . tmmmoreira@gmail.com