Knowledge about hypertension and factors associated with the non-adherence to drug therapy

Barreto, Mayckel da Silva; Reiners, Annelita Almeida Oliveira; Marcon, Sonia Silva

doi:10.1590/0104-1169.3447.2442

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Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem

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Original Articles • Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem 22 (03) • May-Jun 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3447.2442 copy

Knowledge about hypertension and factors associated with the non-adherence to drug therapy¹ 1 Paper extracted from master's thesis "Non compliance drug treatment in individuals with arterial hypertension in Maringá - Paraná" presented to Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil. Supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), process # 485807/2011-4

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVES:

to identify the degree of knowledge of people with hypertension concerning the disease and to verify the factors associated with the non-adherence to anti-hypertensive drug therapy.

METHOD:

Cross sectional study, involving 422 people. Data collection took place at their homes, between December 2011 and March 2012, through interviews using the following instruments: Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MAQ-Q), Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI) and a guide with questions related to sociodemographic profile, satisfaction with healthcare service and knowledge about the disease.

RESULTS:

42.6% did not adhere to the drug therapy and 17.7% had poor knowledge about the disease. Factors associated with the non-adherence were: complex drug therapy, poor knowledge about the disease and dissatisfaction with the healthcare service.

CONCLUSION:

The findings reinforce that the complex drug therapy prescriptions, little knowledge about the disease and dissatisfaction with the healthcare service have influence on the process of non-adherence to anti-hypertensive drug therapy.

Hypertension; Medication Adherence; Risk Factors; Health Knowledge; Attitudes, Practice; Nursing

Variables		Adherence				Total		p
		No		Yes		Total
		n	%	n	%	n	%
Gender								0.14
	Female	98	23.22	153	36.26	251
	Male	82	19.43	89	21.09	171
Age								0.64
	<60 years	67	15.99	87	20.76	154
	≥60 years	111	26.49	154	36.75	265
Race								0.33
	Caucasian	115	27.25	181	42.89	296
	Non Caucasian	65	15.41	61	14.45	126
Marital status								0.64
	Married	117	27.73	174	41.23	291
	Single	63	14.93	68	16.12	131
Level of education								0.52
	≤ 08 years	126	29.86	142	33.65	268
	> 08 years	54	12.79	100	23.70	154
Economic level*								0.91
	A/B	47	11.13	72	17.06	119
	C/D/E	133	31.52	170	40.29	303
Time since diagnosis								0.64
	≤10 years	102	24.17	135	31.99	237
	>10 years	78	18.49	107	25.35	185
Comorbidities								0.40
	Yes	108	25.60	150	35.54	258
	No	72	17.06	92	21.80	164
Medication Regimen Complexity Index								0.02^†
	Low	91	21.56	155	36.73	246
	High	89	21.09	87	20.62	176
Satisfaction with healthcare service								0.00^†
	Satisfied	70	17.81	156	39.70	226
	Dissatisfied	98	24.94	69	17.55	167
Satisfactory knowledge								0.00^†
	Yes	123	29.14	224	53.09	347	82.23
	No	57	13.51	18	4.26	75	17.77

Question in relation to the knowledge about the disease	Adherent (242)		Non-adherent (180)		p	Relative risk	Confidence Interval
Question in relation to the knowledge about the disease	n	%	n	%	p	Relative risk	Confidence Interval
Is high blood pressure a lifelong disease?	192	79.33	141	78.33	0.80	-	-
Most times, do people with high blood pressure feel anything different?	144	59.50	89	49.44	0.03*	1.3	1.01-1.57
Is the pressure high when it is ≥ 14/9?	197	81.40	137	76.11	0.18	-	-
Can high blood pressure cause heart, brain and kidney problems?	212	87.60	157	87.22	0.90	-	-
Is the treatment for high blood pressure a lifelong one?	219	90.49	137	76.11	0.00*	1.7	1.31-2.19
Can high blood pressure be treated without the use of medication?	96	39.66	51	28.33	0.01*	1.4	1.06-1.73
Do regular physical exercises help control high blood pressure?	219	90.49	143	79.44	0.00*	1.6	1.19-2.05
Does losing weight help control high blood pressure in obese people?	230	95.04	159	88.33	0.01*	1.6	1.11-2.19
Does reducing salt intake help control high blood pressure?	241	99.58	173	96.11	0.00*	2.1	1.20-3.66
Does reducing stress help control high blood pressure?	237	97.93	166	92.22	0.00*	1.8	1.19-2.69

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[1] Corresponding Author: Mayckel da Silva Barreto Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Mandaguari Rua Renê Táccola, 152 Centro CEP: 86975-000, Mandaguari, PR, Brasil E-mail: mayckelbar@gmail.com