Quality of life and factors associated among public university employees retired due to disabilities

Moreira, Aline Aparecida Oliveira; Martins, Júlia Trevisan; Robazzi, Maria Lucia do Carmo Cruz; Galdino, Maria José Quina; Ribeiro, Renata Perfeito; Barreto, Maynara Fernanda Carvalho

doi:10.1590/1518-8345.6057.3816

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Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem

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Original Article • Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem 31 • Jan-Dec 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.6057.3816 copy

Quality of life and factors associated among public university employees retired due to disabilities

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

to analyze quality of life and factors associated among public university employees retired due to disabilities.

Method:

a cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of public university employees retired due to disabilities. A characterization questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of Life - Disabilities instrument were applied via telephone or online contacts from November 2019 to September 2020. The associated factors were verified through multiple linear regression.

Results:

of the 80 retirees due to disability, 15% were professors and 85% had a technical-administrative career. As for the factors associated with Quality of Life, continuous medication use (β^adj: -0.25; p=0.02) and problems in the nervous system (β^adj: -0.21; p<0.05) were associated with the Overall domain; continuous medication use (β^adj: -0.23; p=0.04), to the Physical domain; smoking (β^adj: -0.21; p<0.05) and mental and behavioral disorders (β^adj: -0.21; p<0.01), to the Psychological domain; smoking (β^adj: -0.46; p<0.01) and respiratory (β^adj: -0.21; p=0.03) and circulatory (β^adj: -0.21; p=0.03) problems, to the Social domain; smoking (β^adj: -0.33; p<0.01) and problems in the nervous system (β^adj: -0.22; p=0.04), to the Environmental domain; mental and behavioral disorders, to the Disabilities module (β^adj: -0.29; p<0.01) and to the Discrimination domain (β^adj: -0.21; p<0.05); and smoking (β^adj: -0.32; p<0.01) and problems in the nervous system (β^adj: -0.20; p<0.05), to the Inclusion domain. The Autonomy domain did not present any association.

Conclusion:

the retirees under study presented impaired Quality of Life.

Descriptors:
Retirement; Insurance, Disability; Quality of Life; Occupational Health; Universities; Government Employees

Domains	Facets
World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument - Bref (WHOQOL-Bref)
Overall	Overall quality of life /
Overall	Overall health
I. Physical	Pain and discomfort
	Dependence on medications or treatments
	Energy and fatigue
	Mobility
	Sleep and rest
	Activities of daily living
	Work capacity
II. Psychological	Positive feelings
	Spirituality, religion and personal beliefs
	Thinking, learning, memory and concentration
	Bodily image and appearance
	Self-esteem
	Negative feelings
III. Social Relationships	Personal relationships
	Sexual activity
	Social support
IV. Environment	Physical safety and security
	Physical environment (pollution/noise/traffic/climate)
	Financial resources
	Opportunities for acquiring new information and skills
	Participation in and opportunities for recreation/leisure activities.
	Home environment
	Health and social care: accessibility and quality
	Transportation
Disabilities Module (DIS Module)
Overall-DIS	1. Impact of the disability
I - Discrimination	Discrimination
	Protection
	Future perspectives
II. Autonomy	Control of your life
	Decision-making power
	Autonomy
III. Inclusion	Communication ability
	Social acceptance
	Respect
	Social interaction
	Social inclusion
	Personal capacity

WHOQOL-DIS^*	Mean	Standard Deviation	Median	Interquartile Range
Overall	50.16	28.02	50.00	25.00-75.00
Physical	46.74	21.40	46.43	28.57-64.29
Psychological	54.64	23.31	54.17	33.33-73.96
Social Relationships	55.83	28.11	54.17	33.33-75.00
Environment	62.89	15.69	62.50	53.13-71.88
Overall-Disabilities	63.43	20.57	67.71	47.92-81.25
Discrimination	65.78	23.56	66.67	50.00-83.33
Autonomy	75.99	25.30	83.33	66.67-100.00
Inclusion	55.94	23.73	58.33	37.50-70.83

Variables	Overall	Physical	Psychological	Social Relationships	Environment	Overall-Disabilities	Discrimination	Autonomy	Inclusion
Age	0.22	0.32	<0.01	0.06	0.01	0.08	0.27	0.70	0.02
Gender	<0.01	0.03	<0.01	0.16	0.30	0.03	<0.01	0.23	0.10
Marital status	0.22	0.46	0.11	0.02	0.20	0.30	0.48	0.55	0.08
Having dependents	0.88	0.45	0.11	0.33	0.50	0.47	0.28	0.93	0.06
Monthly income	0.40	0.52	0.73	0.88	0.07	0.72	0.24	0.85	0.89
Excessive alcohol consumption	0.19	0.26	0.59	0.35	1.00	0.96	0.61	0.81	0.98
Physical activity	0.19	0.60	0.21	0.23	0.17	0.58	0.57	0.61	0.68
Smoking	0.15	0.26	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.02	1.00	0.20	<0.01
Type of professional career	0.26	0.71	0.25	0.55	0.35	0.53	0.41	0.86	0.56
Genitourinary problems	0.17	0.46	0.16	0.28	0.33	0.53	0.66	0.80	0.46
Musculoskeletal problems	0.39	0.13	0.68	0.43	0.50	0.48	0.74	0.46	0.34
Respiratory problems	0.34	0.18	0.15	<0.05	0.14	0.32	0.65	0.60	0.22
Circulatory problems	0.96	0.68	<0.01	<0.01	0.12	0.08	0.32	0.83	0.01
Problems in the eyes	0.15	0.97	0.15	0.25	0.90	0.17	0.93	0.08	0.15
Problems in the nervous system	0.03	0.46	0.01	0.13	<0.01	0.03	0.10	0.23	0.02
Mental and behavioral disorders	0.16	0.36	<0.01	<0.01	0.04	<0.01	0.02	0.20	<0.01
Endocrine or nutritional problems	0.35	0.70	<0.05	0.28	0.87	0.42	0.77	0.84	0.25
Infectious or parasitic diseases	0.20	0.28	0.59	0.77	0.38	0.62	0.65	0.45	0.82
Neoplasms	0.17	0.62	0.85	1.00	0.45	0.77	0.99	0.98	0.61
Continuous medication use	0.06	0.02	0.12	0.27	0.60	0.15	0.04	0.55	0.26

Multiple models^†	Beta	p-value	95% Confidence Interval		Beta	p-value	95% Confidence Interval
Overall (R ² =0.201)
Problems in the nervous system	-0.26	0.02	-4.17	-46.52	-0.25	0.02	-4.39	-45.44
Continuous medication use	-0.23	0.03	-47.47	-2.03	-0.21	<0.05	-44.12	-0.31
Gender					0.11	0.30	-5.52	17.67
Age					-0.27	0.01	-3.78	-28.01
Physical (R ² =0.115)
Continuous medication use	-0.25	0.03	-37.87	-2.64	-0.23	0.04	-36.00	-1.15
Gender					-0.05	0.65	-11.30	7.05
Age					-0.23	0.04	-0.52	-19.83
Psychological (R ² =0.302)
Mental and behavioral disorders	-0.28	0.01	-24.28	-3.03	-0.21	<0.05	-20.77	-0.08
Smoking	-0.27	0.02	-26.67	-2.85	-0.31	<0.01	-28.57	-5.62
Gender					0.15	0.12	-1.84	16.16
Age					-0.25	0.01	-2.73	-21.74
Social Relationships (R ² =0.378)
Smoking	-0.46	<0.01	-42.64	-17.63	-0.465	<0.01	-43.07	-17.93
Respiratory problems	-0.23	0.02	-74.24	-7.19	-0.214	0.03	-71.99	-4.55
Circulatory problems	-0.22	0.03	-1.53	-23.12	-0.21	0.03	-0.99	-22.74
Gender					0.03	0.78	-8.90	11.80
Age					0.13	0.16	-3.11	18.52
Environment (R ² =0.234)
Smoking	-0.31	<0.01	-19.14	-3.87	-0.33	<0.01	-19.77	-4.73
Problems in the nervous system	-0.24	0.03	-1.71	-24.71	-0.22	0.04	-0.60	-23.40
Gender					0.19	0.07	-0.54	12.23
Age					0.12	0.25	-2.75	10.48
Overall-Disabilities (R ² =0.161)
Mental and behavioral disorders	-0.33	<0.01	-23.21	-4.97	-0.29	<0.01	-21.56	-3.39
Gender					0.12	0.26	-3.69	13.51
Age					-0.19	0.08	-0.96	-17.24
Discrimination (R ² =0.169)
Mental and behavioral disorders	-0.27	0.02	-23.73	-2.40	-0.21	<0.05	-20.87	-0.14
Gender					0.10	0.36	-5.31	14.31
Age					-0.29	<0.01	-4.07	-24.82
Inclusion (R ² =0.246)
Smoking	-0.29	0.01	-28.07	-3.60	-0.32	<0.01	-29.80	-5.51
Mental and behavioral disorders	-0.25	0.03	-23.13	-1.30	-0.20	<0.05	-20.88	1.03
Gender					0.16	0.13	-2.18	16.87
Age					0.15	0.16	-2.82	17.29

Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 (16) 3315-3451 / 3315-4407 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rlae@eerp.usp.br

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[1] * Corresponding author
Maynara Fernanda Carvalho Barreto E-mail: maynara_barreto@hotmail.com