PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: STUDY IN A HIGH-RISK MATERNITY HOSPITAL

Fiorotti, Karina Fardin; Amorim, Maria Helena Costa; Lima, Eliane de Fátima Almeida; Primo, Cândida Caniçali; Moura, Maria Aparecida Vasconcelos; Leite, Franciele Marabotti Costa

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Original Article • Texto contexto - enferm. 27 (3) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072018000810017 copy

PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: STUDY IN A HIGH-RISK MATERNITY HOSPITAL¹ 1 Article extracted from the dissertation - Prevalence and factors associated with domestic violence: study in a high-risk maternity hospital, presented to the Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), in 2016.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to describe the prevalence of domestic violence among postpartum women treated at a high-risk maternity hospital, and to examine the association of these conditions with the demographic, socioeconomic and reproductive variables.

Method:

cross-sectional study, carried out with 302 postpartum women. The data were collected through interviews from a structured script with questions about the characterization of the participants and an instrument to identify violence, the Abuse Assessment Screen.

Results:

among the interviewees, 43% reported experiencing mistreatment throughout their lives, 7.6% were victims of physical violence in the last year, and 4.6% were in a situation of physical violence during their pregnancy. Women aged between 31-43 years old (PR: 1.5; 1.1-2.1), having three or more gestations (PR: 1.8; 95% IC: 1.2-2.7) and evangelical women (PR: 1.6 95% CI: 1.1-2.3) more often experienced mistreatment in life. The absence of a partner was associated with a history of physical violence in the last year and during gestation (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

this study reaffirms that violence is a phenomenon that is present in women’s lives, including during the gestational period, and it has been associated with the demographic and obstetric condition of the woman.

DESCRIPTORS:
Violence against women; Domestic violence; Pregnant women; Assaulted women; Marital mistreatment; Cross-sectional studies

Socioeconomic characteristics			Mistreatment throughout life (N=130)			Physical violence in the last year (N=23)			Physical violence during gestation (N=14)
	N	%	Mistreatment throughout life (N=130)			Physical violence in the last year (N=23)			Physical violence during gestation (N=14)
			N	%	p-value	N	%	p-value	N	%	p-value
Age (years)
13 - 23	102	34	34	33.3	0.024	7	6.9	0.899	3	2.9	0.605
24-30	107	35	47	43.9		8	7.5		6	5.6
31 - 43	93	31	49	52.7		8	8.6		5	5.4
Religion
Catholic	66	22	21	31.8	0.026	2	3	0.166	2	3	0.671
Evangelical	160	53	81	50.6		13	8.1		7	4.4
Spiritist	59	20	20	33.9		5	8.5		4	6.8
Non-religious	17	5.6	8	47.1		3	17.7		1	5.9
Marital status
No partner	93	31	41	44.1	0.808	12	12.9	0.022	9	9.7	0.009
Has a partner	209	69	89	42.6		11	5.3		5	2.4
Schooling (years)
Up to eight years	166	55	72	43.4	0.496	14	8.4	0.427	8	4.8	0.434
More than eight years	136	45	58	42.7		9	6.6		6	4.4
Economic class
A/B	40	13	15	37.5	0.386	1	2.5	0.487	1	2.5	0.372
C	185	61	77	41.6		16	8.9		7	3.8
D/E	77	25	38	49.6		6	7.8		6	7.8
Paid work
Yes	122	40	56	45.9	0.409	9	7.4	0.541	6	4.9	0.528
No	180	60	74	41.1		14	7.8		8	4.4

Reproductive characteristics	Total (N=302)	Mistreatment throughout life (N=130)		Physical violence in the last year (N=23)		Physical violence during gestation (N=14)
Reproductive characteristics	N (%)	N (%)	p-value	N (%)	p-value	N (%)	p-value
Number of gestations
1	95 (31.5)	28 (29.5)	0	09 (9.5)	0.119	05 (5.3)	0.883
2	80 (26.5)	31 (38.8)		02 (2.5)		04 (5.0)
3 or more	127 (42.0)	71 (55.9)		12 (9.5)		05 (3.9)
Coitarche^* * n=300
≤15	142 (47.3)	57 (40.1)	0.343	09 (6.3)	0.275	06 (4.2)	0.474
>15	158 (52.7)	72 (45.6)		14 (8.9)		08 (5.1)
Number of prenatal consultations
<6	42 (14.0)	16 (38.1)	0.505	04 (9.5)	0.409	01 (2.4)	0.389
≥6	257 (86.0)	112 (43.6)		19 (7.4)		13 (5.1)
History of abortion
Yes	74 (24.5)	42 (56.8)	0.006	08 (10.8)	0.172	05 (6.8)	0.24
No	228 (75.5)	88 (38.6)		15 (6.6)		09 (4.0)
Planned pregnancy
Yes	97 (32.1)	40 (41.2)	0.662	08 (8.3)	0.47	06 (6.2)	0.272
No	205 (67.9)	90 (43.9)		15 (7.3)		08 (3.9)
Desired pregnancy
Yes	260 (86.1)	108 (41.5)	0.188	19 (7.3)	0.401	12 (4.6)	0.605
No	42 (13.9)	22 (52.4)		04 (9.5)		02 (4.8)

Characteristics of the puerperal women	Mistreatment throughout life
	Gross Analysis		Adjusted Analysis
	Gross PR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted PR (95% CI)	P value
Age (years)
13 - 23	1.0	0.027	1.0	0.036
24 - 30	1.3 (0.9-1.9)		1.3 (0.9-1.8)
31-43	1.6 (1.1-2.2)		1.5 (1.1-2.1)
Religion
Catholic	1.0	0.038	1.0	0.007
Evangelical	1.6 (1.1-2.3)		1.6 (1.1-2.3)
Spiritist	1.1 (0.6-1.8)		1.1 (0.7-1.9)
Non-religious	1.5 (0.8-2.7)		2.2 (0.9-3.1)
Marital Status
No Partner	1.1 (0.8-1.4)	0.807	1.0 (0.8-1.4)	0.567
Has a Partner	1.0		1.0
Schooling
Up to 8 years	1.0	0.899	1.0	0.305
More than 8 years	0.9 (0.8-1.3)		0.8 (0.6-1.3)
Economic Class
A/B	1.0	0.373	1.0	0.478
C	1.2 (0.7-1.7)		1.1 (0.7-1.6)
D/E	1.3 (0.8-2.1)		1.2 (0.8-2.0)
Paid work
Yes	1.1 (0.9-1.4)	0.407	1.0 (0.8-1.4)	0.884
No	1.0		1.0
Number of Gestations
1	1.0	0.000	1.0	0.006
2	1.3 (0.9-2.0)		1.3 (0.8-1.9)
3 or more	1.9 (1.3-2.7)		1.8 (1.2-2.7)
Coitarche^* * n=300; Chi-square Test (χ2); Fisher's Exact Test
≤15	1.0	0.346	1.0	0.397
>15	1.1 (0.9-1.5)		0.9 (0.7-1.1)
Number of Prenatal Consultations
<6	1.0	0.521	1.0	0.421
≥6	1.1 (0.7-1.7)		0.9 (0.7-1.1)
History of Abortion
Yes	1.5 (1.1-1.9)	0.003	1.1 (0.8-1.5)	0.375
No	1.0		1.0
Planned Pregnancy
Yes	0.9 (0.7-1.2)	0.666	1.0 (0.7-1.3)	0.927
No	1.0		1.0
Desired Pregnancy
Yes	0.8 (0.6-1.1)	0.159	0.7 (0.6-1.0)	0.090
No	1.0		1.0

Characteristics of the puerperal women	Physical violence in the last year
	Gross Analysis		Adjusted Analysis
	Gross PR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted PR (95% CI)	P value
Age (years)
13 - 23	1.0	0.899	1.0	0.622
24 - 30	1.1 (0.4-2.9)		1.3 (0.5-3.5)
31-43	1.1 (0.4-2.9)		1.6 (0.6-3.9)
Religion
Catholic	1.0	0.246	1.0	0.439
Evangelical	2.7 (0.6-11.6)		2.6 (0.6-13.2)
Spiritist	2.8 (0.6-12.9)		2.5 (0.5-14.9)
Non-religious	5.8 (1.1-32.2)		5.6 (1.1-38.5)
Marital Status
No Partner	2.5 (1.1-5.4)	0.025	2.3 (1.2-5.1)	0.043
Has a Partner	1.0		1.0
Schooling
Up to 8 years	1.0	0.556	1.0	0.789
More than 8 years	0.8 (0.3-1.8)		1.0 (0.4-2.1)
Economic Class
A/B	1.0	0.474	1.0	0.453
C	3.5 (0.5-25.4)		2.9 (0.3-18.9)
D/E	3.1 (0.4-25.1)		2.4 (0.5-19.2)
Paid work
Yes	0.9 (0.4-2.1)	0.898	0.9 (0.3-2.2)	0.965
No	1.0		1.0
Number of Gestations
1	1.0	0.189	1.0	0.173
2	0.3 (0.1-1.2)		0.2 (0.1-1.1)
3 or more	1.0 (0.4-2.3)		0.9 (0.3-2.4)
Coitarche^* * n=300; Chi-square Test (χ2); Fisher's Exact Test
≤15	1.0	0.416	1.0	0.565
>15	1.4 (0.6-3.1)		1.1 (0.9-2.3)
Number of Prenatal Consultations
<6	1.0	0.630	1.0	0.495
≥6	0.8 (0.3-2.2)		0.7 (0.2-2.0)
History ofAbortion
Yes	1.6 (0.7-3.7)	0.234	2.0 (0.9-4.6)	0.108
No	1.0		1.0
Planned Pregnancy
Yes	1.1 (0.5-2.6)	0.776	1.3 (0.6-3.0)	0.538
No	1.0		1.0
Desired Pregnancy
Yes	0.9 (0.3-2.1)	0.614	0.8 (0.3-2.9)	0.841
No	1.0		1.0

Characteristics of the puerperal women	Physical violence during gestation
	Gross Analysis		Adjusted Analysis
	Gross PR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted PR (95% CI)	P value
Age (years)
13 - 23	1.0	0.619	1.0	0.395
24 - 30	1.9 (0.4-7.4)		2.3 (0.5-9.1)
31-43	1.8 (0.4-7.5)		2.5 (0.6-10.5)
Religion
Catholic	1.0	0.789	1.0	0.491
Evangelical	1.4 (0.3-6.8)		1.1 (0.2-5.7)
Spiritist	2.2 (0.4-11.8)		1.7 (0.3-9.8)
Non-religious	1.9 (0.2-20.2)		1.4 (0.1-16.2)
Marital Status
No Partner	4.0 (1.4-11.8)	0.010	4.6 (1.5-13.9)	0.001
Has a Partner	1.0		1.0
Schooling
Up to 8 years	1.0	0.867	1.0	0.999
More than 8 years	0.9 (0.3-2.6)		1.0 (0.3-3.2)
Economic Class
A/B	1.0	0.312	1.0	0.912
C	1.5 (0.2-12.0)		1.4 (0.2-13.2)
D/E	3.1 (0.4-25.1)		3.4 (0.4-28.4)
Paid work
Yes	1.1 (0.4-3.1)	0.848	0.9 (0.3-2.7)	0.876
No	1.0		1.0
Number of Gestations
1	1.0	0.884	1.0	0.794
2	0.9 (0.3-3.4)		0.9 (0.2-3.2)
3 or more	0.7 (0.2-2.5)		0.6 (0.1-2.9)
Coitarche^* * n=300; Chi-square Test (χ2); Fisher's Exact Test
≤15	1.0	0.732	1.0	0.963
>15	1.2 (0.4-3.4)		1.0 (0.8-1.3)
Number of Prenatal Consultations
<6	1.0	0.463	1.0	0.369
≥6	2.1 (0.3-15.9)		2.2 (0.4-12.7)
History of Abortion
Yes	1.7 (0.6-5.0)	0.322	2.3 (0.8-6.7)	0.129
No	1.0		1.0
Planned Pregnancy
Yes	1.6 (0.6-4.5)	0.382	1.9 (0.7-5.5)	0.199
No	1.0		1.0
Desired Pregnancy
Yes	1.0 (0.2-4.2)	0.967	1.9 (0.2-5.0)	0.894
No	1.0		1.0

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem Campus Universitário Trindade, 88040-970 Florianópolis - Santa Catarina - Brasil, Tel.: (55 48) 3721-4915 / (55 48) 3721-9043 - Florianópolis - SC - Brazil
E-mail: textoecontexto@contato.ufsc.br

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[1] Correspondence: Franciele Marabotti Costa Leite. Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo - Enfermagem, Av Marechal Campos, 29043900 - Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. E-mail: francielemarabotti@gmail.com