Abstract Despite the extent use of geochemical tracers to track warm air mass origin reaching the Antarctic continent, we present here evidences that microorganisms being transported by the atmosphere and deposited in fresh snow layers of Antarctic ice sheets do act as tracers of air mass advection from the Southern Patagonia region to Northern Antarctic Peninsula. We combined atmospheric circulation data with microorganism content in snow/firn samples collected in two sites of the Antarctic Peninsula (King George Island/Wanda glacier and Detroit Plateau) by using flow cytometer quantification. In addition, we cultivated, isolated and submitted samples to molecular sequencing to precise species classification. Viable gram-positive bacteria were found and recovered in different snow/firn layers samples, among dead and living cells, their number concentration was compared to northern wind component, stable isotopes of oxygen, d18O, and the concentration of crustal elements (Fe, Ti and Ca). Use of satellite images combined with air mass back-trajectory analysis obtained from the NOAA/ HYSPLIT model corroborated the results.

Abstract The survival of endodontically treated teeth depends on the remaining tooth structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different access cavities on root canal preparation, restorative protocol, and fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Fifty-six mandibular molars were divided into control (n=8) and experimental (n=16) groups according to access cavity: Traditional, Conservative, and Truss; and redistributed (n=8) according to instrumentation protocols: Reciproc Blue and R-motion. After, teeth were scanned in micro-CT and then filled and redistributed according to composite resin restoration (n=8): Filtek One BulkFill and Filtek Z350. A new micro-CT scan was performed to analyze the restorative material. Then, samples were submitted to fracture resistance testing and the failure pattern was determined. Data were analyzed using paired T-test, ANOVA, Tukey, and chi-square tests (α=0.05). In Truss, R-Motion promoted less transportation in different thirds of root canals. Higher percentages of voids (5.05%) and filling material (11.7%) were observed in Truss. Fracture resistance values were higher for the control group, followed by Truss, Conservative, and Traditional. The predominant failure pattern was type-II. In Truss, reciprocating instruments with smaller taper showed less canal transportation. Also, Truss provided higher values of fracture resistance, although it presented a higher percentage of voids and remaining filling material. Thus, in Truss, reciprocating files with smaller taper showed less canal transportation, and these cavities provided higher values of fracture resistance, although it presented a higher percentage of voids and remaining filling material.

Abstract Aerosols have implications to climate and biogeochemical cycles in the global oceans. At sites under indirect influence of dust emitted by the Patagonian semi-desert, a debate exists on the potential fertilization effects of iron enriched aerossol. Considering this subject we conducted measurements of aerosols optical properties using a Microtops II sun photometer to access aerosol size distributions and other intrinsic properties oversea from Atlantic Southern mid-latitudes to Antarctica. Oceanographic cruises were developed between December 2010 to April 2011 and October 2011 to April 2012, in the context of the Brazilian Antarctic Program, and between November 2011 to December 2011. This survey was taken as part of the Global Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN/NASA). Our data of AOD (500 nm) along the South American coast depicts a steady decrease southwards following the decreased latitudinal continental extent. However, the influence of the aerosols blown from Patagonia semi-desert region was clear from latitude 53⁰S to 64⁰S. The predominance of aerosol fine mode was observed in Central Atlantic and close to the Drake Passage. An unexpected aerosol coarse mode predominance was found close to the Antarctic Peninsula. We attribute that to a possible weathering of rock outcrops due to the strong westerly winds in that region.

Abstract Microorganisms in Antarctica are recognized for having crucial roles in ecosystems functioning and biogeochemical cycles. To explore the diversity and composition of microbial communities through different terrestrial and marine Antarctic habitats, we analyze 16S rRNA sequence datasets from fumarole and marine sediments, soil, snow and seawater environments. We obtained measures of alpha- and beta-diversities, as well as we have identified the core microbiome and the indicator microbial taxa of a particular habitat. Our results showed a unique microbial community structure according to each habitat, including specific taxa composing each microbiome. Marine sediments harbored the highest microbial diversity among the analyzed habitats. In the fumarole sediments, the core microbiome was composed mainly of thermophiles and hyperthermophilic Archaea, while in the majority of soil samples Archaea was absent. In the seawater samples, the core microbiome was mainly composed by cultured and uncultured orders usually identified on Antarctic pelagic ecosystems. Snow samples exhibited common taxa previously described for habitats of the Antarctic Peninsula, which suggests long-distance dispersal processes occurring from the Peninsula to the Continent. This study contributes as a baseline for further efforts on evaluating the microbial responses to environmental conditions and future changes. cycles S environments alpha betadiversities, betadiversities beta diversities, diversities beta-diversities habitat absent longdistance long distance Continent changes

Abstract The surface global air temperature (SGAT) and the solar activity presented near similar trends until approximately the 1980’s decade, when they start to diverge significantly. This divergence in both time series is attributed to the impact of addition players acting in the climate system as the greenhouse gas emissions and a more active ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation). For the period before this “turning point” we have made an exploratory investigation on the imprint of both SGAT and the solar activity (represented by the Sunspot Number – SSN) at δ18O isotopic ratios retrieved from ice cores, a proxy commonly used to describe past climate changes. In this work δ18O isotopic ratios, dated from 1861 to 1997, from three distinct global sites: (1) the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2); (2) Quelccaya ice cap/Andes (Peru); and (1) Dronning Maud Land (DML)/East Antarctica were investigated. The wavelet decomposition method and regressions applied to these databases successfully allowed the isotopic reconstructions from both SGAT and SSN. We found that the reconstructions differ significantly depending on the geographical site.

Abstract It is estimated that the explosive Hudson volcano eruption in Southern Chile injected approximately 2.7 km3 of basalt and trachyandesite tephra into the troposphere between August 8-15, 1991. The Hudson signal has been detected in Antarctica at the eastern sector and in South Pole snow. In this work, we track the Hudson volcanic plume using a dispersion model, remote sensing, and a re-analysis of a high-resolution ice core analysis from the Detroit Plateau in the Antarctic Peninsula and sedimentary records from shallow lakes from King George Island (KGI). The Hudson eruption imprint in these records is confirmed by using a weekly resolved aerosol concentration database from KGI demonstrating that the regional impact of Hudson eruption predominates over the Mount Pinatubo/Phillippines volcanic signal, dated from June 1991, in terms of particulate matter depositions. The aerosol elemental composition of Ca, Fe, Ti, Si, Al, Zn, and Pb increases from 2 to 3 orders of magnitude in background level during the days following the eruption of the Hudson volcano.

Abstract Carbonaceous aerosols can affect climate, especially particles containing black carbon (BC). BC originated from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuel and biomass, which can heat the atmosphere and increase ice melting, but little is known about BC sources to Antarctica. We quantified the contribution of distant origin (biomass burning) and local emissions (fossil fuel) to atmospheric BC concentration in the King George Island (Antarctic Peninsula) and the Southern Ocean. We examine the BC concentrations using a multi-wavelength Aethalometer AE-33 and AE-42 aboard the Brazilian Oceanographic Research Ship Almirante Maximiano. The results indicate that the region is influenced by local sources and air masses coming from surrounding continents. Fossil fuel combustion was the major source of carbonaceous aerosols in the region, whereas the total average concentration was 41.8 ± 22.8 ng m-3. The findings indicate a contribution of biomass burning coming from low and mid-latitudes of South America over the Antarctic Peninsula and the Southern Ocean around 62ºS latitude. We demonstrated that fossil fuel is the main contributor to atmospheric BC concentration for the Austral summer and autumn. Scientific stations, local tourism, and traffic are possible local BC sources. Our work invokes the urgency of questionable sustainability issues about Antarctica exploration.

ABSTRACT Extreme events affect societies all around the world. A recent example is the submarine volcano Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai in the South Pacific Ocean, which erupted on January 15, 2022 at approximately 0415 UTC, expelling ash up to 39 kilometers high. Instruments around the world recorded both the initial atmospheric shock wave and the subsequent tsunami signal. The aim of this work is to report the record from tide gauges and barometers of this event along the Brazilian coast. For this, the tsunami travel time to Brazil was calculated, and spikes in atmospheric pressure data and noise in the tide gauge records were identified. The arrival of the tsunami waves was clearly observed in tidal records from three stations located in Imbituba, Arraial do Cabo, and Salvador. In addition, in Belém and Santana, the signal-to-noise ratio was too low or there was no signal at all. Surprisingly, the atmospheric signal was less observable. The shock wave signature was evident in the Fortaleza atmospheric pressure data, while at the Imbituba and Belém stations the signal only appeared after filtering the data by calculating the highest and lowest pressure difference within the hour. The weaker, or absence of, barometric signal is likely associated with the supposed attenuation, or blocking, of the signal by the Andes Mountains.

Resumo Dentre os fundamentos do voleibol, o ataque mostra-se como responsável pelo maior número de pontos, sendo que o ataque de primeiro tempo se relaciona com a maior ocorrência do ponto, por dificultar a ação defensiva do adversário. Contudo, a maior parte desses estudos apresentam resultados generalizados, não especificando as condições situacionais e os constrangimentos especificadores de cada zona de ataque. Assim, o presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar o jogo no complexo I praticado pelo atacante central da Superliga Brasileira de Voleibol Masculina 2014/2015. Compõem a amostra 12 equipes, sendo observados 142 jogos, totalizando 5350 ações de recepção, levantamento e ataque. Para a análise exploratória recorreu-se à estatística descritiva e para a associação entre as variáveis recorreu-se ao teste do Qui-Quadrado. Os resultados apontaram que os ataques ocorreram, em sua maioria, após recepções A e B, sendo o ponto de ataque mais recorrente, bem como os ataques potentes. Além disso, observou-se a relação entre o efeito da recepção e o tipo de levantamento com tipo de ataque, bem como relação do tipo de levantamento com o efeito do ataque. Assim, conclui-se que o jogo praticado pelo atacante central se mostrou eficiente para a conquista do ponto, uma vez que diminuiu as chances de defesa do adversário, devido a redução do tempo para a organização defensiva. Por fim, verificou-se que as restrições situacionais delimitaram a ação do jogador central, sugerindo que futuras pesquisas busquem restringir as situações de análise e os constrangimentos situacionais de cada situação específica de jogo.

Abstract Among volleyball skills, spike is responsible for the highest number of scores, and the first tempo of attack is related to the higher incidence of score a point, by hindering the defensive opponent’s action. However, most of the studies show general results and do not specify the conditions and constraints of each attack zone. Thus, the aim of this study was analyzing the offensive game (complex I) performed by the middle attacker at the 2014/2015 National men’s Brazilian Championship (Superliga). The sample was composed by 142 games of 12 teams, totaling 5350 receptions, setting and spikes actions. The results showed that the middle spikes occurred mostly after receptions A and B, being the most frequent attack scoring point as well as the most powerful one. Moreover, the relationship between the reception effect and setting effect was observed, showing that the best receptions influenced the setting type and the attack effect. Therefore, the middle attack had effective effect in the winning score, since it decreased the chances of opponent’s defense, due to the reduced time to defensive organization. Finally, the situational constraints delimited the middle attacker actions. Based on the above, we suggest that future studies should restrict the analysis conditions and situational constraints of each specific game situation.

SUMMARY Zika virus (ZKV) infection is a huge public health problem in Brazil because of the increased incidence of microcephaly in neonates from infected mothers. Detection of specific IgG antibodies in maternal serum samples constitutes an important approach for diagnosing ZKV infection and evaluating its relationship with neonatal microcephaly. However, as there is no serological test produced in Brazil to detect IgM and IgG antibodies against ZKV, we sought to examine specific IgG in serum samples from patients or suspected mothers to detect previous infection and to test for specificity with regard to flaviviral infections occurring in the same area. Brazilian Zika virus native antigens were obtained from infected Vero cell layers or free virions in the culture medium and then used in ELISA. We tested sera from eight ZKV RNA-diagnosed infected patients (ZKVR), seven neonates with microcephaly and their mothers after delivery (MM), 140 dengue virus IgM-positive (DM) and IgG (DG)-positive patients, and 100 yellow fever (YF)-vaccinated patients. According to the ELISA, ZKVR samples were mostly positive (7/8), and all the MM serum samples were positive for ZKV IgG (7/7). In contrast, cross-reactions for dengue or yellow fever-vaccinated patients were observed, including DM (48/95), DG (10/45) or YF (3/100) serum samples; however, these cross-reactions exhibited low antigen avidity so that 6 M urea largely removed this cross-reactivity, with only a few cross-reacting samples remaining (8/140). ELISA based on extracted virions was much more specific, with all ZKVR (8/8) and MM sera being positive for ZKV IgG (7/7) and only borderline cross-reactivity found for DM (6/95), DG (3/45) or YF (4/100)-vaccinated serum samples. This technique (ELISA) can identify specific IgG in ZKV-infected patients and may be helpful in diagnosing congenital infetions after maternal RNA virus clearance or in epidemiological studies.

ABSTRACT: This work presents the design and characteristics of a new compact ultraviolet (UV) irradiator used in a biological onboard space flight experiment. The experiment, called DRM, took place in the International Space Station research facility (ISS-13 expedition), during the Centenary Mission (Russian-Brazil) in March-April 2006. The DRM main objective was to correlate the DNA repair mechanism and mutagenesis with microgravity. A compact irradiator apparatus was designed for DRM to allow in situ induced radiation in space. This apparatus, called CIM, uses UV-A Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with 375 nm wavelength as molecular lesions inducers on four bacterial E. coli strains. The manned space mission restrictions were focused on during the CIM main parts design. The ultraviolet dosimetry is also described in this document as DRM experiment results and the CIM operational data are reported to certify the CIM design and DRM protocol compatibility in space application.

Os objetivos centrais do presente artigo são (1) apresentar à comunidade científica o projeto PortVix, que trata da fala da cidade de Vitória, capital do Espírito Santo; (2) sintetizar os trabalhos desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, com base nos dados deste projeto; e (3) tecer considerações sobre o alinhamento da fala de Vitória ao cenário nacional e sobre traços que a caracterizam. A Teoria da Variação e de Mudança Linguística norteia a organização da amostra e, de forma geral, a análise de diversos fenômenos variáveis, a saber, alternância entre futuro do pretérito e pretérito imperfeito; a expressão variável do futuro do presente; usos do gerúndio; variação sintática das orações adverbiais finais; alternância nós/a gente; a expressão do objeto direto anafórico; concordância nominal; concordância verbal; expressão gramatical do imperativo; alternância indicativo/subjuntivo; alternância você/cê/ocê; ausência/presença de artigo diante de antropônimos e de possessivos. Observações do senso comum e resultados das análises permitem evidenciar que, ao lado de aspectos que alinham a fala de Vitória-ES ao cenário nacional, corroborando a generalidade de diversos fenômenos, há outros aspectos que permitem inferir a caracterização da fala capixaba face aos três estados com os quais o Espírito Santo estabelece fronteiras: Rio de Janeiro, Bahia e, especialmente, Minas Gerais.

The main objectives of this paper are (1) to show the academic community the PortVix, a project which deals with the speech of the city of Vitória, capital of Espírito Santo; (2) to summarize the works concluded and in development, based on data from this project, and (3) to speak about the alignment of Vitória's speech with the national setting and about characteristics that individualize it. The Theory of Language Variation and Change guides the organization of the sample and, in general, the analysis of several variable phenomena, namely the variation between verb forms of conditional and of imperfect indicative; variable expression of the future tense; use of the gerund; variation of final adverbial clauses; alternation between the expressions nós/a gente (we); expression of anaphoric direct object; nominal agreement; verbal agreement; grammatical expression of imperative form; alternation of indicative/subjunctive form; variation of second pronouns, specially among você/cê/ocê; presence or absence of definitive article in front anthroponyms and possessive pronouns. Common sense observations and test results evidenced that there are aspects that align the speech of Vitória-ES with the national setting, confirming the generality of some phenomena, but there are other characteristics that allow individualization of the capixaba speech (speech from the state of Espírito Santo) against the three states with which Espírito Santo establishes boundaries: Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, and especially Minas Gerais.

Wet (n = 21) and dry (n = 23) deposition samples were collected from March to September 2002 at the southern coast of Ilha Grande. Rainwater pH varied from 4.3 to 6.3 and ionic concentrations (in µmol L-1) decreased in the order Cl- > Na+ > Mg2+ > SO4(2-) > NO3- ~ NH4+ > K+ ~ H+ > Ca2+. Scavenging of sea-salt aerosols was the major source of Cl-, Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+. Half of total SO4(2-) was non-sea-salt SO4(2-). Total deposition fluxes of NH4+, NO3-, and non-sea-salt SO4(2-) were respectively 9.3, 17.8, and 16.0 mol ha-1 month-1.

Tropidurus torquatus and Liolaemus lutzae, found in a restinga habitat, show some morphological differences associated with differential microhabitats use. There were made measurements of the snout-vent length, length and width of the largest toe of hand and foot, and length, width, height and curvature of the claws. We counted the number of adhesive lamellae of the largest toe of each member. T. torquatus has larger toes, greater number of adhesive lamellae and higher and more curve claws than L. lutzae. No significant differences in toe and claw widths were found. These results suggest that the differences found in the morphology of toes and claws of these two species would be associated with the differential microhabitat use. T. torquatus has morphological adaptations that allow it to use the microhabitat both vertically or horizontally, while L. lutzae use it only horizontally

Tropidurus torquatus y Liolaemus lutzae hallados en un hábitat de restinga, muestran algunas diferencias morfológicas asociadas a el uso diferencial de microhábitats. Se realizaron mediciones de la longitud "snout-vent", longitud y ancho del dedo mayor de la mano y el pie y, longitud, ancho, altura y curvatura de las garras. Se contó el número de lamelas adhesivas del dedo mayor de cada miembro. T. torquatus posee dedos más grandes, mayor número de lamelas adhesivas y garras más altas y curvadas que L. lutzae. No se hallaron diferencias significativas en los anchos de dedos y garras. Estos resultados sugieren que las diferencias encontradas en la morfología de dedos y garras de estas dos especies estarían asociadas con el uso diferencial del microhábitat. T. torquatus posee adaptaciones que le permiten utilizar el microhábitat tanto vertical como horizontalmente, mientras que L. lutzae solamente lo utiliza en forma horizontal