Morphologic and genetic variation within a relict Andean catfish, Hatcheria macraei , and its relationship with Trichomycterus areolatus and Bullockia maldonadoi (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

BECKER, LEANDRO A.; BATTINI, MIGUEL A.; BARRIGA, JUAN P.; AZPELICUETA, MARÍA M.; JOHNSON, JERALD B.; CUSSAC, VÍCTOR E.

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202320211007

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ECOSYSTEMS • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 95 (1) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320211007 copy

Morphologic and genetic variation within a relict Andean catfish, Hatcheria macraei , and its relationship with Trichomycterus areolatus and Bullockia maldonadoi (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The South American siluriform fishes are found primarily in the Neotropical region, north and east of the Colorado River of Argentina, with a few relict species distributed southward and westward on both sides of the Andes Mountains. Three of these, the closely related trichomycterids Hatcheria macraei, Trichomycterus areolatus and Bullockia maldonadoi, have been subject to historical taxonomic and nomenclatural arrangements. Here, we amplify a 652-bp fragment of COI mtDNA from 55 H. macraei individuals and use publicly available Cytb mtDNA sequences of the three taxa to assess their relationship, genetic variation and haplotype distribution in relation to hydrographic basins. In addition, we extend a recent morphometric study on H. macraei by analyzing body shape in 447 individuals collected from 24 populations across their entire cis-Andean distribution. We identified some lineages previously assigned to T. areolatus that show a closer relationship to either B. maldonadoi or H. macraei, revealing new boundaries to their currently known trans-Andean distribution. We found a great morphologic variation among H. macraei populations and a high genetic variation in H. macraei, T. areolatus and B. maldonadoi associated with river basins. We highlight further integrative studies are needed to enhance our knowledge of the southern Andean trichomycterid diversity.

Key words
Andes mountains; catfishes; genetic variation; haplotype networks; morphologic variation; phylogeny

Pop.	Locality	Loc. code	Latitude	Longitude	Basin	N _S	N _COI	N _M
1	San Juan River above Ullum R.	ULLM	−31°30’57’’	−68°51’31’’	Colorado	54	29	31
2	Claro Stream	CLAR	−33°33’56’’	−69°01’01’’	Colorado	29	15	29
3	Atuel River above El Nihuil R.	NIHL	−35°05’07’’	−68°50’59’’	Colorado	14	8	6
4	Caleufu River	CALE	−40°20’10’’	−70°45’12’’	Negro	14	2	14
5	Comallo Stream	COMA	−41°04’11’’	−70°20’18’’	Negro	3	-	3
6	Ñirihuau River	NIRI	−41°05’22’’	−71°08’33’’	Negro	10	-	10
7	Pichileufu River	PICH	−41°06’23’’	−70°50’22’’	Negro	31	-	31
8	Las Bayas Stream	BAYA	−41°27’40’’	−70°39’24’’	Chubut	9	-	9
9	Manso River	MANS	−41°35’43’’	−71°34’51’’	Puelo	3	-	3
10	Epuyen River	EPUY	−42°04’30’’	−71°31’03’’	Puelo	8	-	8
11	Upper Chubut River	URCH	−42°17’08’’	−71°07’14’’	Chubut	31	-	31
12	Cholila Lake	CHOL	−42°27’55’’	−71°36’09’’	Yelcho	23	-	23
13	Lepa River	LEPA	−42°36’48’’	−71°04’39’’	Chubut	16	-	16
14	Corintos River	COR	−43°07’48’’	−71°26’24’’	Yelcho	9	-	9
15	Nant y Fall River	NANT	−43°13’22’’	−71°25’17’’	Yelcho	37	-	37
16	Rosario Lake	ROS	−43°14’53”	−71°21’35”	Yelcho	2	1	-
17	Frío Stream	FRIO	−43°18’34’’	−71°26’33’’	Palena	2	-	2
18	Tecka River	TECK	−43°21’42’’	−70°51’23’’	Chubut	14	-	14
19	Cabeza de Vaca Stream	VACA	−43°29’59’’	−71°20’52’’	Palena	5	-	5
20	Chubut River at Los Altares	ALT	−43°50’05’’	−67°46’15’’	Chubut	30	-	30
21	Senguer River	SENG	−45°28’12’’	−69°50’07’’	Chubut	31	-	31
22	Mayo River	MAYO	−45°40’58’’	−70°15’55’’	Chubut	30	-	28
23	Deseado River at Telken	TELK	−46°52’52’’	−70°44’02’’	Deseado	31	-	31
24	Ecker River	ECKE	−47°07’13’’	−70°51’54’’	Deseado	16	-	16
25	Blanco River	BLAN	−47°34’34	−71°22’57’’	Blanco	30	-	30
	Totals					480	55	447

		1.	2.	3.	4.	5.	6.	7.	8.	9.	10.	11.	12.
1.	KY857993 T. brasiliensis
2.	KY857937 I. parkoi	0.082
3.	KY857926 B. maldonadoi	0.136	0.139
4.	KY857963 T. areolatus	0.137	0.150	0.046
5.	KY857964 T. areolatus	0.139	0.154	0.048	0.017
6.	FFPAT_hp1 H. macraei	0.125	0.124	0.046	0.029	0.029
7.	FFPAT_hp2 H. macraei	0.123	0.126	0.044	0.028	0.027	0.003
8.	FFPAT_hp3 H. macraei	0.123	0.121	0.048	0.032	0.032	0.002	0.005
9.	FFPAT_hp4 H. macraei	0.123	0.121	0.048	0.032	0.031	0.003	0.006	0.005
10.	FFPAT_hp5 H. macraei	0.126	0.124	0.046	0.029	0.029	0.002	0.002	0.003	0.005
11.	FFPAT_hp6 H. macraei	0.121	0.128	0.037	0.028	0.021	0.012	0.013	0.011	0.016	0.014
12.	FFPAT_hp7 H. macraei	0.123	0.133	0.050	0.032	0.028	0.020	0.020	0.022	0.024	0.022	0.016
13.	FFPAT_hp8 H. macraei	0.121	0.128	0.037	0.028	0.021	0.014	0.014	0.012	0.017	0.016	0.002	0.017

a)	Bullockia spp.	T. areolatus (C,D,E)	T. areolatus ssp. (F)	H. macraei
Bullockia spp.	0.041 (0.030-0.055)
T. areolatus (C,D,E)	0.052 (0.039-0.070)	0.014 (0.001-0.029)
T. areolatus ssp. (F)	0.054 (0.045-0.065)	0.028 (0.022-0.034)	0.003 (0.001-0.007)
H. macraei	0.061 (0.049-0.075)	0.035 (0.027-0.044)	0.037 (0.029-0.065)	0.010 (0.001-0.023)

b)	B. m. ssp. 1 (A)	B. maldonadoi	B. m. ssp. 2 (B)
B. m. ssp. 1 (A)	0.008 (0.001-0.015)
B. maldonadoi	0.042 (0.033-0.055)	0.022 (0.001-0.043)
B. m. ssp. 2 (B)	0.038 (0.030-0.046)	0.042 (0.034-0.050)	0.013 (0.002-0.023)

c)	T. areolatus (C)	T. areolatus (D)	T. areolatus (E)
T. areolatus (C)	0.004 (0.001-0.007)
T. areolatus (D)	0.022 (0.017-0.029)	0.006 (0.001-0.012)
T. areolatus (E)	0.018 (0.014-0.022)	0.014 (0.009-0.020)	0.006 (0.001-0.015)

d)	H. macraei (Atl.-Pac.)	H. macraei (Pacific)	H. macraei (Atlantic)
H. macraei (Atl.-Pac.)	0.006 (0.001-0.015)
H. macraei (Pacific)	0.014 (0.001-0.020)	0.004 (0.001-0.014)
H. macraei (Atlantic)	0.016 (0.012-0.021)	0.018 (0.015-0.020)	0.002 (0.001-0.004)

Groups (number)	Number of significant DFs	Variance explained	Canonical correlation (range)	Eigenvalues (range)	% of cases correctly classified
Sites (24)	14 (P< 0.034)	97.7	0.947-0.364	8.643-0.153	89.5
Basins (8)	6 (P< 0.004)	99	0.878-0.375	3.349-0.164	80.8
Clades (3)	2 (P< 0.001)	100	0.872-0.705	3.167-0.990	95.7

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[1] Correspondence to: Leandro A. Becker E-mail: becker@cenpat-conicet.gob.ar