Resistance Exercise Training Mitigates Cardiac Remodeling Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Rodents: A Systematic Review

Portes, Alexandre Martins Oliveira; Costa, Sebastião Felipe Ferreira; Leite, Luciano Bernardes; Lavorato, Victor Neiva; Miranda, Denise Coutinho de; Moura, Anselmo Gomes de; Soares, Leôncio Lopes; Isoldi, Mauro César; Natali, Antônio José

doi:10.36660/abc.20230490i

Alexandre Martins Oliveira Portes

Conception and design of the research

Acquisition of data

Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content

Writing of the manuscript

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG – Brazil

Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto – Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG – Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3285-2032

Sebastião Felipe Ferreira Costa

Acquisition of data

Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG – Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1406-9511

Luciano Bernardes Leite

Acquisition of data

Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG – Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3012-1327

Victor Neiva Lavorato

Acquisition of data

Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content

Writing of the manuscript

Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto – Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG – Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9914-4722

Denise Coutinho de Miranda

Acquisition of data

Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content

Writing of the manuscript

Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto – Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG – Brazil

Anselmo Gomes de Moura

Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content

Writing of the manuscript

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG – Brazil

Leôncio Lopes Soares

Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content

Writing of the manuscript

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG – Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6852-1230

Mauro César Isoldi

Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content

Writing of the manuscript

Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto – Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG – Brazil

Antônio José Natali

Conception and design of the research

Acquisition of data

Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content

Writing of the manuscript

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG – Brazil

Mailing Address: Alexandre Martins Oliveira Portes • Universidade Federal de Viçosa Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde – Educação Física – Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n. Postal Code 36570-000, Viçosa. MG – Brazil E-mail: alexandre.martinsop@gmail.com

Potential conflict of interest

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Editor responsible for the review: Marina Okoshi

Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Population	Population
Rodents	Humans
	In silico studies
	Ex vivo studies
Intervention	Intervention
Resistance training with total duration ≥ 4 weeks	No intervention with resistance training
	Other type of exercise intervention
Comparators	Comparators
Exercised group compared with non-exercised (sedentary), both treated with HFD	Sedentary or exercised group not treated with HFD
Outcomes	Outcomes
Cardiac structure, function, oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and markers of tissue remodeling	No determination of outcomes with respect to cardiac tissue
Publication parameters	Publication parameters
Original study	Non-original study
Published between December 2007 and December 2022	Letters
English language	Abstracts

Study	(1)	(2)	(3)	(6)	(7)	(9)	(10)	Score
Lino et al. 2020²⁸	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑		6
Effting et al. 2019³¹	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	7
Kim et al.³³	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑		6
Leite et al.²⁹	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	7
Melo et al.³⁰	☑	☑		☑	☑	☑	☑	6

Study	Animal characteristics	HFD treatment	Resistance training protocol	Main effects
Lino et al. 2020²⁸	Rats (Wistar) Male 90 days of age	Feeding with HFD (20%) for 11 weeks (3 weeks before RT and 8 weeks during RT)	Model: Ladder climbing MLCT: First climbing with 75% of BM and subsequent addition of 30 g until failure Sessions: 4 climbings with 50%, 75%, 90%, and 100% of the maximum carrying capacity. If the rat reached 100% of the carrying load, an additional 30 g were added for a new maximum carrying capacity with a fifth extra climbing. Rest period between sets: 120 s Frequency: Two days interlarded by rest periods of 72 h (3 to 4 times/week) Total duration: 8 weeks	Anthropometric parameters and fat mass: ↓ BM, ↓ adiposity index Metabolic and biochemical parameters: ↓ Glycaemia, ↓ total cholesterol ↓ TGL, ↓ HDL, ↔ LDL, ↓ VLDL, ↓ rCastelli’s ratio I and II, ↓ TGL/HDL ratio Biometric properties: ↔ HW and LV weight Oxidative stress: Activity: ↔ Total-SOD, ↑ Mn-SOD, ↑ CAT, ↓ GSH, ↔ GPx, ↔ lipid peroxidation Tissue remodeling markers: Activity: ↑ Pro MMP-2, ↑ intermediate MMP-2, ↔ active MMP-2
Effting et al. 2019³¹	• Mice (Swiss) • Male • 40 days of age	• Feeding with HFD (59%) for 26 weeks (18 weeks before RT and 8 weeks during RT)	Model: Ladder climbing MLCT: Not performed Sessions: 5 to 10 climbings per session (volume progression) with 20% to 75% of BM (load progression) Rest period between sets: 120 s Frequency: 48-hour intervals between sessions (3 to 4 times/week) Total duration: 8 weeks	Anthropometric parameters: ↓ BM Metabolic and biochemical parameters: ↓ Fasting glucose, ↑ glucose decay rate in ITT Oxidative stress: Activity: ↔ SOD, ↓ CAT Levels: ↓ DCFH, ↓ MDA, ↔ GSH Inflammatory marker levels: ↓ TNF-α
Kim et al.³³	Rats (Sprague-Dawley) Male 51 days of age	Feeding with HFD (50%) for 18 weeks (6 weeks before RT and 12 weeks during RT)	Model: Ladder climbing MLCT: Not performed Sessions: 1 to 8 climbings with 70% to 100% of BM (load progression during the session). If a rat was able to climb the ladder with these loads, additional weights were placed in the cylinder in 30 g increments for each subsequent climbing. Rest period between sets: 120 s Frequency: 3 times/week Total duration: 12 weeks	Anthropometric parameters and fat mass: ↔ BM, ↔ intraperitoneal fat Biometric properties: ↔ HW, ↔ HW/BM Mitochondrial biogenesis: Protein expression: ↑ Cyto-C, ↑ SUD, ↑ PGC1-α, pAMPK/tAMPK. Endoplasmic reticulum stress markers: Protein expression: ↓ p-PERK/PERK, ↔ CHOP, ↔ GRP78
Leite et al.²⁹	Rats (Wistar) Male 21 days of age	Feeding with HFD (30%) for 24 weeks (12 weeks before RT and 12 weeks during RT)	Model: Ladder climbing MLCT: First climbing with 75% of BM, with subsequent additional 30 g loads until failure Sessions: Four climbings with 50%, 75%, 90%, and 100% of the maximum carrying capacity. If a rat reached 100% of its carrying load, an additional 30-g load was added until a new carrying load was determined. Rest period between sets: 120 s Frequency: 3 times/week (48-hour intervals) Total duration: 12 weeks	Anthropometric parameters and fat mass: ↓ BM, ↓ fat (%), ↑ fat-free mass Biometric and hemodynamic properties: ↓ SBP, ↓ SDB, ↓ MBP, ↔ HW, ↑ HW/BM, ↔ LV Tissue remodeling markers: Activity: ↑ Pro-MMP-2, ↑ intermediate MMP-2, ↔ active MMP-2
Melo et al.³⁰	Rats (Wistar) Male 37 days of age	Feeding with HFD (49.2%) for 26 weeks (16 weeks before RT and 10 weeks during RT)	Model: Ladder climbing MLCT: First climbing with 50% of BM, with subsequent additional 30-g loads until to failure Sessions: Climbings with 50%, 75%, 90%, and 100% of the maximum carrying capacity. If the animal reached 100% of the carrying load, an additional 30-g load was added until failure. Rest period between sets: 60 s Frequency: 3 times/week (48-hour intervals) Total duration: 10 weeks	Anthropometric parameters and fat mass: ↔ BM, ↔ body fat, ↔ adiposity index, ↔ rWAT, ↓ eWAT, ↓ visceral WAT Hemodynamic parameters: ↔ SBP, ↔ DBP Metabolic and biochemical parameters: ↔ Glucose, ↔ total cholesterol, ↔ HDL Biometric properties: ↔ Heart, ↔ HW/TL, ↔ LV, ↔ LV/TL Histological properties: ↔ CSA, ↔ collagen Cardiomyocyte contractile function: ↔ FS, ↔ time to 50% of contraction and relaxation, ↔ maximum rate of contraction and relaxation Calcium handling proteins: Protein expression: ↔ Serca2a, ↔ PLB, ↔ pPLBser16, ↔ SERCA2A/PLB, ↔ pPLBser16/PLB

[1] Mailing Address: Alexandre Martins Oliveira Portes • Universidade Federal de Viçosa Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde – Educação Física – Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n. Postal Code 36570-000, Viçosa. MG – Brazil E-mail: alexandre.martinsop@gmail.com

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Resistance Exercise Training Mitigates Cardiac Remodeling Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Rodents: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background

Objective

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Conclusion