| Title and abstract |
1 |
(a) Indicate the study’s design with a commonly used term in the title or the abstract |
| (b) Provide in the abstract an informative and balanced summary of what was done and what was found |
| Introduction |
|
Background/rationale |
2 |
Explain the scientific background and rationale for the investigation being reported |
|
Objectives |
3 |
State-specific objectives, including any prespecified hypotheses |
| Methods |
|
Study design |
4 |
Present key elements of the study design early in the paper |
|
Setting |
5 |
Describe the setting, locations, and relevant dates, including periods of recruitment, exposure, follow-up, and data collection |
|
Participants |
6 |
(a) Cohort study – Give the eligibility criteria and the sources and methods of selection of participants. Describe methods of follow-up Case-control study – Give the eligibility criteria and the sources and methods of case ascertainment and control selection. Give the rationale for the choice of cases and controls Cross-sectional study – Give the eligibility criteria and the sources and methods of selection of participants |
| (b) Cohort study – For matched studies, give the matching criteria and the number of exposed and unexposed Case-control study – For matched studies, give the matching criteria and the number of controls per case |
|
Variables |
7 |
Clearly define all outcomes, exposures, predictors, potential confounders, and effect modifiers. Give diagnostic criteria, if applicable |
|
Data sources/measurement |
8*
|
For each variable of interest, give sources of data and details of methods of assessment (measurement). Describe the comparability of assessment methods if there is more than one group |
|
Bias |
9 |
Describe any efforts to address potential sources of bias |
|
Study size |
10 |
Explain how the study size was arrived at |
|
Quantitative variables |
11 |
Explain how quantitative variables were handled in the analyses. If applicable, describe which groupings were chosen and why |
|
Statistical methods |
12 |
(a) Describe all statistical methods, including those used to control for confounding |
| (b) Describe any methods used to examine subgroups and interactions |
| (c) Explain how missing data were addressed |
| (d) Cohort study – If applicable, explain how loss to follow-up was addressed Case-control study – If applicable, explain how the matching of cases and controls was addressed Cross-sectional study –If applicable, describe analytical methods taking account of sampling strategy |
| (e) Describe any sensitivity analyses |
| Results |
|
Participants |
13*
|
(a) Report numbers of individuals at each stage of study – e.g., numbers potentially eligible, examined for eligibility, confirmed eligible, included in the study, completing follow-up, and analyzed |
| (b) Give reasons for non-participation at each stage |
| (c) Consider the use of a flow diagram |
|
Descriptive data |
14*
|
(a) Give characteristics of study participants (e.g., demographic, clinical, social) and information on exposures and potential confounders |
| (b) Indicate the number of participants with missing data for each variable of interest |
| (c) Cohort study – Summarize follow-up time (e.g., average and total amount) |
|
Outcome data |
15*
|
Cohort study – Report numbers of outcome events or summary measures over time |
| Case–control study – Report numbers in each exposure category, or summary measures of exposure |
| Cross-sectional study – Report numbers of outcome events or summary measures |
|
Main results |
16 |
(a) Give unadjusted estimates and, if applicable, confounder-adjusted estimates and their precision (e.g., 95% confidence interval). Make clear which confounders were adjusted for and why they were included |
| (b) Report category boundaries when continuous variables were categorized |
| (c) If relevant, consider translating estimates of relative risk into absolute risk for a meaningful time period |
|
Other analyses |
17 |
Report other analyses done – e.g., analyses of subgroups and interactions and sensitivity analyses |
| Discussion |
|
Key results |
18 |
Summarize key results with reference to study objectives |
|
Limitations |
19 |
Discuss limitations of the study, taking into account sources of potential bias or imprecision. Discuss both the direction and the magnitude of any potential bias |
|
Interpretation |
20 |
Give a cautious overall interpretation of results, considering objectives, limitations, multiplicity of analyses, results from similar studies, and other relevant evidence |
|
Generalizability |
21 |
Discuss the generalizability (external validity) of the study results |
| Other information |
|
Funding |
22 |
Give the source of funding and the role of the funders for the present study and, if applicable, for the original study on which the present article is based |
Associação entre constipação e hérnia inguinal: um estudo de caso-controle em uma população adulta
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