Adiponectin serum levels and <i>ADIPOQ</i> (rs2241766) polymorphism in alopecia areata Egyptian patients<sup/>

Farag, Azza Gaber Antar; Badr, Eman Abd-Elfatah; Abd-Elaty, Banan Mohamed Gamal; Elnaidany, Nada Farag; Ghanem, Mai Medhat Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.abd.2023.05.003

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Original Article • An. Bras. Dermatol. 99 (2) • Mar-Apr 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abd.2023.05.003 copy

Adiponectin serum levels and ADIPOQ (rs2241766) polymorphism in alopecia areata Egyptian patients^* ⋆ Study conducted at the Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, and Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Background

Alopecia Areata (AA) is an acquired autoimmune form of non-scarring hair loss. Adiponectin and its gene polymorphism were related to many autoimmune disorders.

Objective

Assessment of adiponectin serum levels and adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) (rs2241766) Single Nucleoid Polymorphism (SNP) in AA patients and correlating the results with the disease severity in those patients.

Methods

This study included 75 AA patients and 75 age and gender-matched healthy subjects (controls). The severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score assessment to evaluate AA severity was done. Adiponectin serum levels by ELISA and ADIPOQ (rs2241766) SNP using PCR were performed.

Results

Adiponectin serum levels were significantly lower in AA patients than controls (p = 0.001). ADIPOQ (rs2241766) TG genotype and G allele were significantly predominant in AA patients increasing its risk by 5 and 4 folds (OR = 5.17, p = 0.001), (OR = 3.82, p = 0.001) respectively. Serum adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with SALT score (r = -0.435, p = 0.001) and associated with alopecia totalis (p = 0.016). ADIPOQ (rs2241766) TG genotype was significantly associated with low serum adiponectin levels and higher SALT score (p = 0.001).

Study limitations

The small sample size.

Conclusions

ADIPOQ (rs2241766) gene polymorphism (TG genotype and G allele) may modulate AA risk and contribute to the development of AA in Egyptian populations. Decreased circulating adiponectin levels may have a dynamic role in AA etiopathogenesis. Adiponectin serum concentration can be considered a severity marker of hair loss in AA.

Keywords
Adiponectin; Alopecia areata; Genetics

Studied variables	NO	%
AA patients
(No = 75)
Gender
Male	36	48
Female	39	52
Age / years
Mean ± SD	32.4 ± 7.14
Median	31.0
Range	22.0 - 53.0
Onset
Sudden	95	78.7
Gradual	16	21.3
Course of the disease
Progressive	44	58.7
Stationary	31	41.3
Duration / months
Mean ± SD	11.3 ± 6.80
Median	10.0
Range	2.00 - 36.0
Family history
Positive	9	12.0
Negative	66	88.0
Type of alopecia
Patchy	71	94.7
Totalis	3	4.00
Ophiasis	1	1.30
Associations
Anxiety	53	70.7
Depression	6	8.00
Atopy	1	1.30
No	15	20.0
Nail changes
Beau line	3	4.00
Nail bitting	4	5.30
Nail ridding	3	4.00
Punctuate leukonychia	3	4.00
Trachyonychia	2	2.70
No	60	80.0
SALT score
Mean ± SD	17.2 ± 31.9
Median	1.80
Range	0.60 - 100.0

Studied variables	AA patients (No = 75)	Controls (No = 75)	Mann Whitney test	p-value
BMI (kg/m²)
Mean ± SD	24.7 ± 3.96	22.3 ± 2.04
Median	24.0	22.0	1.51	0.131
Range	18.0 - 35.0	19.0 - 26.0
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Mean ± SD	118.5 ± 10.0	118.4 ± 9.65
Median	120.0	120.0	0.432	0.665
Range	90.0 - 135.0	90.0 - 135.0
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Mean ± SD	80.9 ± 5.85	79.8 ± 5.60
Median	80.0	80.0	1.02	0.304
Range	60.0 - 90.0	60.0 - 90.0
Fasting Blood Glucose (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD	88.3 ± 8.22	91.6 ± 11.7
Median	89.0	90.0	1.36	0.171
Range	73.0 - 103.0	73.0 - 125.0
Triglyceride (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD	128.7 ± 13.9	123.4 ± 21.3
Median	129.0	125.0	1.65	0.097
Range	100.0 - 152.0	89.0 - 170.0
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD	149.8 ± 24.0	140.5 ± 22.4
Median	150.5	140.0	2.34	0.019*
Range	111.0 - 196.0	110.0 - 200.0
HDLc (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD	66.2 ± 4.15	73.7 ± 6.69
Median	66.0	75.0	6.86	0.001*
Range	60.0 - 77.0	60.0 - 88.0
LDLc (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD	87.8 ± 9.09	85.8 ± 10.6
Median	90.0	87.0	0.941	0.347
Range	69.0 - 102.0	47.0 - 104.0

Studied variables	AA patients (No = 75)		Controls (No = 75)		Test	p-value	OR (95% CI)
Serum adiponectin levels (ng/mL)					Mann-Whitney
Mean ± SD	9.45 ± 4.12		13.8 ± 5.62		4.38	0.001	‒
Median	9.60		12.6
Range	2.80 - 15.3		6.89 ‒ 29.5
ADIPOQ(rs2241766) genotypes	No.	%	No.	%	χ²
TT	44	58.7	66	88.0			Reference 5.17 (2.24 - 11.9)
TG	31	41.3	9	12.0	16.5	0.001	Reference 5.17 (2.24 - 11.9)
Alleles	N = 150	%	N = 150	%	χ²
T	119	79.3	141	94.0	13.9	0.001	Reference 3.82 (1.75 - 8.35)
G	31	20.7	9	6.00	13.9	0.001	Reference 3.82 (1.75 - 8.35)

Studied variables	Serum adiponectin	Test of significance	p-value
Studied variables	Mean ± SD (ng/mL)	Test of significance	p-value
Gender
Male	9.07 ± 3.82	U	0.373
Female	9.81 ± 4.39	0.891
Onset
Sudden	9.55 ± 4.12	U	0.605
Gradual	9.11 ± 4.22	0.518
Course of the disease
Progressive	8.93 ± 4.70	U	0.287
Stationary	10.2 ± 3.02	1.06
Family history
Positive	10.4 ± 3.75	U	0.546
Negative	9.32 ± 4.17	0.603
Type of alopecia
Ophiasis	11.4 ± 0.00
Patchy	9.69 ± 4.01	K	0.016*
Totalis	3.10 ± 0.26	8.31
Associations
Anxiety	9.90 ± 3.68
Depression	6.48 ± 4.98	K	0.088
Atopy	3.40 ± 0.00	6.55
Nail changes
Beau line	13.8 ± 0.92
Nail bitting	9.85 ± 6.28	K	0.229
Nail ridding	11.2 ± 2.82	5.62
Punctuate leukonychia	3.70 ± 0.51
Trachyonychia	8.25 ± 4.45
Age/years	r		p-value
Age/years	0.183		0.115
Disease duration/months	0.025		0.833
BMI (kg/m²)	0.110		0.348
SBP (mmHg)	-0.080		0.497
DBP (mmHg)	0.122		0.340
Fasting Blood sugar (mg/dL)	0.171		0.143
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	-0.085		0.471
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	0.143		0.220
HDLc (mg/dL)	0.048		0.685
LDLc (mg/dL)	-0.032		0.787
SALT score	-0.435		0.001

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Study conducted at the Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, and Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.

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Adiponectin serum levels and ADIPOQ (rs2241766) polymorphism in alopecia areata Egyptian patients* ⋆ Study conducted at the Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, and Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.

Abstract

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Study limitations

Conclusions

Adiponectin serum levels and ADIPOQ (rs2241766) polymorphism in alopecia areata Egyptian patients^* ⋆ Study conducted at the Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, and Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.