The authors define insulin resistance and discuss the diagnostic methods from the "gold-standard" - the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp -, going through the insulin suppression test, the continuous glucose infusion, the intravenous glucose tolerance test with the minimal mathematical model, to the insulin tolerance test. Fasting and post-oral glucose load levels of glucose and insulin are also evaluated. Finally, factors influencing insulin action, as body weight, fitness, weight at birth, type of predominant muscle fibers, hormones, capillary density and flow through the skeletal muscle, diet, age and heredity, are indicated.
Insulin resistance; Measurement of Insulin resistance; insulin action
