Molecular diagnosis of Ehrlichia canis and Babesia vogeli, and serological diagnosis of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii infection in dogs from the municipality of Cândido Sales-BA and microregion

Ferraz, Á.R.F.; Oliveira, G.M.S.; Cordeiro, J.M.A.; Munhoz, A.D.; Silva, F.L.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-12907

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Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Original Article - Veterinary Medicine • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 76 (03) • May-Jun 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12907 copy

Molecular diagnosis of Ehrlichia canis and Babesia vogeli, and serological diagnosis of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii infection in dogs from the municipality of Cândido Sales-BA and microregion

[Diagnóstico molecular de infecção por Ehrlichia canis e Babesia vogeli e diagnóstico sorológico de infecção por Neospora caninum e Toxoplasma gondii em cães provenientes do município de Cândido Sales-BA e microrregião]

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Ehrlichia canis and Babesia vogeli in dogs from the municipality of Cândido Sales, Bahia, was investigated. Total and peripheral blood samples were obtained from 131 dogs. Blood smears were performed to check for morulae. Toxoplasma gondii and N. caninum infections were determined by an Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction. Nested-PCR and PCR were used for the diagnoses of E. canis and B. vogeli infections, respectively. Additionally, the risk factors associated with infection by these agents were analyzed. The frequency of infection was 70.2% for N. caninum, 67.9% for T. gondii and 37.4% for E. canis. None of the dogs tested positive for B. vogeli. Morulae of Ehrlichia spp. were identified in two animals and the piroplasm in one animal. Age (> 3 years) was considered a risk factor for infections by E. canis and N. caninum and the rural habitat for infections by N. caninum. Co-infections were frequent, mainly with N. caninum and T. gondii (45.03% of dogs). Ehrlichia canis infection was significantly associated with N. caninum and T. gondii infection. These findings indicated a high occurrence of T. gondii, N. caninum, and E. canis in the studied region.

Keywords:
babesiosis; epidemiology; ehrlichiosis; neosporosis; toxoplasmosis

Variable		N	Positive dogs	Frequency %	OR	95%CI	P-value
Gender	Male Female	67 64	27 22	40.30% 34.38%	1.2886	0.63 -2.62	0.6032210227
Age	<3 years old >3 years old	43 88	9 40	20.93% 45.45%	3.15	1.35-7.38	0.0113507327
Breed	No definite breed With definite breed	107 24	42 7	39.25% 29.17%	1.5692	0.59 -4,10	0.4905287771
Habitat	Urban area Rural area	72 59	26 23	36.11% 38.98%	0.8847	0.43- 1.80	0.8756183165
Outdoor access	Yes No	91 40	34 15	37.36% 37.50%	0.9942	0.46 -2.14	1.0000000000
Presence of ticks	Yes No	76 55	33 16	43.42% 29.09%	1.8706	0.89- 3.91	0.1362326291
Ectoparasite control	Yes No	29 102	8 41	27.59% 40.20%	0.5668	0.22- 1.40	0.3073090445
Contact with other animals	Yes No	109 22	42 7	38.53% 31.82%	1.3433	0.50 - 3.5	0.5527448634

Variable	Odds ratio	Confidence interval 95%	P valor (<0.05)
Age	3.15	1.35-7.33	0.0079

Variable		N	Dogs	Frequency	OR	95%CI	P-valor
Gender	Male Female	67 64	46 46	68.66% 71.88%	0.8571	0.40- 1.81	0.8324554528
Age	<3 years old >3 years old	43 88	24 68	55.81% 77.27%	2.69	1.23- 5.88	0.0204057711
Breed	No definite breed With definite breed	107 24	77 15	71.96% 62.50%	1.5400	0.60- 3.89	0.5033144929
Habitat	Urban area Rural area	72 59	44 48	61.11% 81.36%	2.78	1.24- 6.23	0.0198472528
Outdoor access	Yes No	91 40	68 24	74.73% 60.00%	1.9710	0.89- 4.34	0.1361952816
Contact with other animals	Yes No	109 22	77 15	70.64% 68.18%	1.1229	0.41- 3.01	1.0000000000
Contact with dogs	Yes No	98 33	71 21	72.45% 63.64%	1.5026	0.65- 3.46	0.4608060352
Contact with bovine	Yes No	22 108	18 74	81.82% 68.52%	2.0676	0.65- 6.57	0.3207241959
Hunting habit/raw meat intake	Yes No	38 93	31 61	81.58% 65.59%	2.3232	0.92- 5.85	0.1083827233

Variable	Odds ratio	Confidence interval 95%	P valor (<0.05)
Age	3.42	1.47-7.95	0.0042
Habitat	3.50	1.47-8.30	0.0046

Variable		N	Positive dogs	Frequency%	OR	95%CI	P-valor
Gender	Male Female	67 64	47 42	70.15% 65.63%	1.2310	0.59- 2.56	0.7133505849
Age	<3 years old >3 years old	43 88	31 58	72.09% 65.91%	1.3362	0.60-2.97	0.6080975703
Breed	No definite breed With definite breed	107 24	75 14	70.09% 58.33%	1.6741	0.67- 4.16	0.3822955696
Habitat	Urban area Rural area	72 59	49 40	68.06% 67.80%	1.0120	0.48- 2.11	1.0000000000
Outdoor access	Yes No	91 40	62 27	68.13% 67.50%	1.0294	0.46- 2,27	1.0000000000
Contact with other animals	Yes No	109 22	76 13	69.72% 59.09%	1.5944	0.62- 4.09	0.4687974907
Contact with cats	Yes No	38 93	24 65	63.16% 69.89%	0.7385	0.33- 1.63	0.5869817177
Hunting habit/raw meat intake	Yes No	38 93	24 65	63.16% 69.89%	0.,7385	0.33- 1.63	0.5869817177

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2041, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2042 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
E-mail: abmvz.artigo@gmail.com

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[1] *Corresponding author: flsilva@uesc.br