ABSTRACT
To evaluate the efficiency of naturally derived chitosan as a bio-adsorbent to improve water quality in Jefara plain and health condition, male Wistar rats divided into 7 groups: group I (drinking unpolluted water), group II (drinking untreated water from aquifer 1), group III (drinking water from aquifer 1 treated with 0.5gm/L chitosan), group IV (drinking water from aquifer 1 treated with 1 gm/L chitosan), group V (drinking with untreated water from aquifer 2), group VI (drinking water from aquifer 2 treated with 0.5gm/L chitosan, group VII (drinking water from aquifer 2 treated with 1 gm/L chitosan) for 30 days. Adsorptive ability of chitosan was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray after the exposure processes. The recorded antioxidant biomarkers showed marked elevations superoxide dismutase, glutathione reduced and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels in groups II and V. The application of chitosan, significantly (P< 0.05) reduced the TBARS level compared to untreated groups indicating the improvement of antioxidant status. Severity of structural damages of all recorded alterations in renal and hepatic tissues was more pronounced in the rats groups that were exposed to untreated water. While, chitosan intervention is significantly reduced the above recorded alterations.
Keywords:
groundwater; chitosan; histopathology; antioxidant
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A: free chitosan; B: Low concentration chitosan after exposure to untreated water; C: high concentration chitosan after exposure to untreated water.
- Data are represented as means of six samples in each group ± S.E. - The capital letters represent Duncan’s test (p < 0.05) among different groups. Columns with the same capital letters are not significantly different; otherwise, they do. - The letters are arranged in Ascending order as A, B, C, and D.
- Data are represented as means of six samples in each group ± S.E. - The capital letters represent Duncan’s test (p < 0.05) among different groups. Columns with the same capital letters are not significantly different; otherwise, they do. - The letters are arranged in Ascending order as A, B, C, and D.
Renal tubules (RT); glomerulus (G); Bowman’s capsule (BC); interstitial space (IS); intra-luminal exfoliation of epithelial cells (IE); Infiltration of blood cells (IF); Blood congestion (C) Shrinkage in glomerulus (S); widening of Bowman’s space (BS).
Hepatocytes (H); Blood sinusoids (BS); Bile duct (BD); Kupffer cells (KC); Infiltration of blood cells (IF); Vacuolization (V); Blood congestion (C); intense peri-portal inflammatory cellular infiltration (I); dilatation of the portal vein (D).