Hematological parameters of Brazilian sardines (<i>Sardinella brasiliensis</i> Steinachner, 1879) fed different concentrations of fatty acids in their diet

Santos, D.; Scheuer, F.; Souza, A.P.; Brasil, E.M.; Santos, G.G.; Costa, D.S.; Magnotti, C.C.F.; Cerqueira, V.R.; Martins, M.L.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-13118

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Original Article - Zootechnics • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 76 (03) • May-Jun 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-13118 copy

Hematological parameters of Brazilian sardines (Sardinella brasiliensis Steinachner, 1879) fed different concentrations of fatty acids in their diet

[Parâmetros hematológicos de sardinhas brasileiras (Sardinella brasiliensis Steinachner, 1879) alimentadas com diferentes concentrações de ácidos graxos em sua dieta]

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in the diet of Sardinella brasiliensis on their hematological parameters. A total of 375 fish were distributed in 15 experimental units to evaluate the effects of the diet on their blood for 45 days. The levels of n-3 PUFA added in the diet were 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2% of the lipid fraction. These values represent the total percentage of n-3 PUFA in the lipid fraction of the diet, and 0% n-3 PUFA was used as the negative control. Five fish from each experimental unit were sampled at the end of the experiment for hematological analysis, and the parameters measured include the total number of erythrocytes, hematocrit percentage, hemoglobin and glucose concentration and differential leukocyte count. Higher numbers of circulating eosinophils were observed in fish fed 0.3% and 1.2% n-3 PUFA. Although no significant differences were observed in several of the parameters, the results demonstrate that the health of the sardines was not affected by the addition of n-3 PUFA in their diet. It should be emphasized that this is the first study with emphasis on the blood analysis of S. brasiliensis.

Keywords:
aquaculture; Clupeidae; fatty acids; nutrition; hematology

Ingredients	Total n-3 PUFA
Ingredients	0%	0.3%	0.6%	0.9%	1.2%
Soybean meal	38.97 mg gˉ¹	38.97 mg gˉ¹	38.97 mg gˉ¹	38.97 mg gˉ¹	38.97 mg gˉ¹
Maize	18.63 mg gˉ¹	18.63 mg gˉ¹	18.63 mg gˉ¹	18.63 mg gˉ¹	18.63 mg gˉ¹
Guts Flour	21.55 mg gˉ¹	21.55 mg gˉ¹	21.55 mg gˉ¹	21.55 mg gˉ¹	21.55 mg gˉ¹
Rice Grits	15 mg gˉ¹	15 mg gˉ¹	15 mg gˉ¹	15 mg gˉ¹	15 mg gˉ¹
Corn Oil	5.09 mg gˉ¹	4.12 mg gˉ¹	2.79 mg gˉ¹	1.22 mg gˉ¹	0 mg gˉ¹
Cod Liver Oil	0 mg gˉ¹	0.86 mg gˉ¹	2.36 mg gˉ¹	3.9 mg gˉ¹	5.4 mg gˉ¹
Premix	0.42 mg gˉ¹	0.42 mg gˉ¹	0.42 mg gˉ¹	0.42 mg gˉ¹	0.42 mg gˉ¹
Bicalcium Phosphate	0.35 mg gˉ¹	0.35 mg gˉ¹	0.35 mg gˉ¹	0.35 mg gˉ¹	0.35 mg gˉ¹
Composition (% DM)
Crude Energy	4381
Digestible Energy	3400
Crude Protein	36.42
Digestible Protein	31.44
Lipids	10.66
Dry Matter	6429.00

Treatments	Sex	Parameters
Treatments	Sex	T (x 10³ µL^-1)	LT (x 10³ µL^-1)	L (x 10³ µL^-1)	M (x 10³ µL^-1)	N (x 10³ µL^-1)	E (x 10³ µL^-1)
0%	M	31.04±9.67	302.92±49.80	249.94±62.07	4.23±2.08	1.71±2.08	47.04±13.50^ab
	F	23.29±13.18	318.62±49.77	274.50±64.60	4.83±3.13	1.14±1.31	38.20±11.24^ab
0.3%	M	22.67±8.85	282.08±59.51	229.85±42.95	4.37±2.93	1.41±1.78	46.50±41.16^a
	F	28.34±19.59	343.71±90.50	257.87±70.94	9.31±5.93	6.11±9.61	70.43±67.10^a
0.6%	M	12.28±5.93	284.43±31.33	243.04±25.56	4.43±3.70	4.98±3.51	32.18±11.78^b
	F	14.34±9.72	321.38±71.40	289.80±66.93	3.28±4.11	2.60±3.63	25.71±5.46^b
0.9%	M	22.02±9.00	310.79±44.22	269.18±54.54	6.41±5.18	5.80±4.54	29.56±15.66^b
	F	32.51±3.61	314.38±123.40	271.04±131.68	4.83±5.60	3.95±3.96	34.56±20.17^b
1.2%	M	20.75±6.20	277.95±68.50	218.21±68.24	3.50±3.16	4.64±4.44	51.60±15.67^a
	F	27.4±10.41	324.25±12.37	251.25±7.30	5.61±3.22	1.60±2.23	65.81±10.53^a
p fatty acids		0.22	0.992	0.728	0.433	0.51	0.006
p sex		0.252	0.087	0.15	0.398	0.636	0.341
p interaction		0.283	0.845	0.956	0.307	0.288	0.287

Treatments	Sex	Parameters
Treatments	Sex	RBC (x 10⁶ µL^-1)	Ht (%)	Hb (g dL^-1)	MCV (fL)	MCH (g dL^-1)	MCHC (g dL^-1)
0%	M	3.03±0.50	39.00±6.29	10.79±1.61^xy	129.93±20.05	35.85±3.81	28.03±4.42
	F	3.18±0.60	42.83±6.35	11.57±1.62^xy	139.85±40.99	36.85±4.77	27.54±5.42
0.3%	M	2.82±0.60	35.58±4.34	10.56±1.86^xy	128.72±18.35	37.88±5.14	29.51±1.94
	F	3.44±0.90	41.36±4.52	11.75±1.20^xy	126.03±28.26	35.83±7.76	28.48±1.80
0.6%	M	2.85±0.31	40.38±5.37	12.77±1.22^xy	142.51±16.91	40.53±3.97	28.56±2.05
	F	3.21±0.71	42.13±7.98	1.56±1.65^x	133.03±23.99	40.43±5.64	30.68±3.74
0.9%	M	3.11±0.44	43.64±8.24	9.97±1.39^x	143.98±39.01	40.41±4.78	29.29±5.91
	F	3.14±1.23	41.88±4.87	11.48±2.15^y	144.95±43.82	33.06±5.20	23.95±5.31
1.2%	M	2.78±0.69	37.70±4.45	10.60±1.54^xy	143.88±42.63	39.06±5.19	28.58±6.12
	F	3.24±0.12	42.25±7.42	11.61±0.18^xy	130.83±27.89	36.76±0.84	28.68±5.47
p fatty acids		0.992	0.512	0.537	0.797	0.349	0.592
p sex		0.088	0.095	0.336	0.757	0.149	0.471
p interaction		0.843	0.613	0.032	0.942	0.407	0.446

Treatments	0%	0.3%	0.6%	0.9%	1.2%
Glucose (mg dL^-1)	0.26 ± 0,02	3.23 ± 0.03	0.22 ± 0.01	0.25 ± 0,03	0.24 ± 0.04

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2041, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2042 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
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[1] ⁽*Corresponding author: gracienhe.gomes@hotmail.com