HIGHLIGHTS
• Bile acids play a significant role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus by regulating glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and cellular energy production.
• Targeting bile acids as a therapeutic approach shows potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, offering innovative and effective options.
• The interactions between bile acids and key metabolic pathways highlight the importance of studying and understanding their role in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
ABSTRACT
Background:
Bile acids (BAs) are steroid molecules synthesized exclusively in the liver, being end products of cholesterol catabolism. BAs are known to be involved in several metabolic alterations, including metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). DM2 is a chronic degenerative disease characterized by insulin resistance, insulin deficiency due to insufficient production of pancreatic ß-cells, and elevated serum glucose levels leading to multiple complications.
Objective:
The objective of this study is to investigate the role of BAs in the pathophysiology of DM2, highlighting the possibilities in the development of therapeutic procedures targeting BAs as an optional pathway in the treatment of DM2.
Methods:
The research was carried out through narrative review and publications on the relationship between BAs and DM2. The databases used for the search include PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The keywords used for the search include bile acids, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and metabolic disorders.
Results:
The studies have reported the involvement of BAs in the pathophysiology of DM2. BAs act as a ligand for the nuclear farnesoid X receptor, regulating glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and cellular energy production. Additionally, BAs modulate the production, elimination, and mobilization of BAs through the farnesoid X receptor. BAs also act as a signaling pathway through Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5, further contributing to metabolic regulation. These findings suggest that targeting BAs may offer a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of DM2.
Conclusion:
This study highlights the important role of BAs in DM2, specifically through their interactions with key metabolic pathways. Targeting BAs may represent an innovative and effective approach to the treatment of DM2.
Keywords:
Bile Acids; hepatobiliary dysfunction; farnesoid X receptor; Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5; type 2 diabetes mellitus
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