Neurodevelopment of small-for-gestational age infants:
                    behavioral aspects in first year

Mello, Bernadete; Gagliardo, Heloisa; Gonçalves, Vanda

doi:10.1590/0004-282X20140096

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Articles • Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr. 72 (7) • July 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282X20140096 copy

Neurodevelopment of small-for-gestational age infants: behavioral aspects in first year

Neurodesenvolvimento de lactentes pequenos para a idade gestacional, aspectos comportamentais no 1° ano

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The purpose of this study was to compare the behavior of full-term small-for-gestational age (SGA) with full-term appropriate-for gestational age (AGA) infants in the first year of life. We prospectively evaluated 68 infants in the 2^nd month, 67 in the 6^th month and 69 in the 12^th month. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II were used, with emphasis on the Behavior Rating Scale (BRS). The groups were similar concerning the item “interest in test materials and stimuli”; there was a trend toward differences in the items “negative affect”, “hypersensitivity to test materials” and “adaptation to change in test materials”. The mean of Raw Score was significantly lower for the SGA group in the items “predominant state”, “liability of state of arousal”, “positive affect”, “soothability when upset”, “energy”, “exploration of objects and surroundings”, “orientation toward examiner”. A lower BRS score was associated with the SGA group in the 2^nd month.

child behavior; child development; fetal growth retardation

Chronological Age (month)	Group	Mean	SD	Min	Median	Max	p^a
2^nd	SGA	86.44	9.87	62.00	90.00	101.00	0.097
	AGA	91.37	9.75	62.00	92.00	111.00
6^th	SGA	90.16	7.07	74.00	90.00	100.00	0.103
	AGA	93.19	5.28	80.00	94.00	102.00
12^th	SGA	97.91	13.08	70.00	102.00	120.00	0.669
	AGA	97.36	9.24	74.00	96.00	113.00

Motor Scale
2^nd	SGA	89.76	6.12	78.00	90.00	108.00	0.008*
	AGA	93.49	7.58	72.00	93.00	114.00
6^th	SGA	88.54	8.22	73.00	85.00	104.00	0.057
	AGA	93.31	9.11	76.00	92.50	114.00
12^th	SGA	91.14	15.34	50.00	93.00	121.00	0.047*
	AGA	98.79	13.24	69.00	101.00	121.00

Behavior Rating Scale
2^nd	SGA	72.56	9.50	53.00	76.00	84.00	0.001*
	AGA	78.53	11.59	16.00	81.00	90.00
6^th	SGA	125.04	17.21	59.00	130.00	139.00	0.103
	AGA	130.69	10.14	93.00	135.00	140.00
	SGA	131.18	8.56	106.00	134.00	140.00
12^th
12^th	AGA	132.28	7.22	107.00	134.00	140.00	0.679

Group	Questionable/non- optimal	Within normal limits	p^b
ƒ (%)	ƒ (%)	ƒ (%)	p^b
SGA	8 (32.00)	17 (68.00)	0.005*
AGA	6 (13.96)	37 (86.05)

Motor Quality Factor
SGA	6 (24.00)	19 (76.00)	0.154
AGA	4 (9.30)	39 (90.70)

Items	Groups	Mean	SD	Min	Median	Max	p^a
Predominant state	SGA	3.84	0.85	2.00	4.00	5.00	0.016*
	AGA	4.33	0.84	2.00	5.00	5.00
Liability of state of arousal	SGA	3.84	0.90	2.00	4.00	5.00	0.030*
	AGA	4.30	0.83	2.00	4.00	5.00
Positive affect	SGA	2.76	1.33	1.00	3.00	5.00	0.016*
	AGA	3.60	1.31	1.00	4.00	5.00
Negative affect	SGA	3.60	1.12	1.00	4.00	5.00	0.051
	AGA	4.09	1.04	1.00	4.00	5.00
Soothability when upset	SGA	3.80	1.26	1.00	4.00	5.00	0.009*
	AGA	4.49	0.96	1.00	5.00	5.00
Energy	SGA	3.68	0.90	2.00	4.00	5.00	0.001*
	AGA	4.40	0.82	1.00	5.00	5.00
Interest in test materials and stimuli	SGA	3.20	1.22	1.00	3.00	5.00	0.117
	AGA	3.67	1.13	1.00	4.00	5.00
Exploration of objects and/or surroundings	SGA	3.88	1.09	1.00	4.00	5.00	0.004*
	AGA	4.53	0.83	1.00	5.00	5.00
Orientation to examiner	SGA	4.04	0.93	2.00	4.00	5.00	0.002*
	AGA	4.63	0.76	2.00	5.00	5.00

Items	Groups	Mean	SD	Min	Median	Max	p^a
Gross-Motor Movement	SGA	3.76	0.7	3.00	4.00	5.00	0.005*
			2
	AGA	4.27	0.7	2.00	4.00	5.00
			1
Control Movement	SGA	3.60	0.7	2.00	4.00	5.00	0.004*
			1
	AGA	4.12	0.7	2.00	4.00	5.00
			1
Hypotonicity	SGA	4.92	0.2	4.00	5.00	5.00	0.008*
			8
	AGA	4.60	0.5	3.00	5.00	5.00
			4
Hypertonicity	SGA	3.96	0.7	2.00	4.00	5.00	0.355
			3
	AGA	4.14	0.6	3.00	4.00	5.00
			1
Tremulousness	SGA	4.44	1.1	1.00	5.00	5.00	0.129
			6
	AGA	4.86	0.3	4.00	5.00	5.00
			5
Frenetic Movement	SGA	4.72	0.7	2.00	5.00	5.00	0.85
			4
	AGA	4.76	0.6	2.00	5.00	5.00
			6

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[1] Correspondence:
Bernadete Mello; Departamento de Desenvolvimento Humano e Reabilitação, Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126; 13083-887 Campinas SP, Brasil; E-mail: berna@fcm.unicamp.br