| Chakraborty (2020) (4)/United States |
Determine whether COVID-19 incidence is significantly higher in American counties that have high percentages of people with disabilities based on criteria such as race, poverty, sex, and age/ Cross-sectional study |
COVID-19 incidence is higher in people with disabilities in physical and social vulnerability. High incidence rates were significantly associated with: (1) high percentages of people with disabilities who are women, black, Asian, Hispanic, Native American, poor and under the age of 18, and (2) lower percentages of people with disabilities who are men, non-Hispanic white, above the poverty limit, 65 years of age or older. |
| Fair Health (2020) (5)/United States |
Examine the relationships between the mortality rate (dependent variable) and the independent variables: age, sex, and pre-existing comorbidities/ Cohort study |
Patients with intellectual disabilities and related conditions have the third highest risk of death from COVID-19 in all age groups (OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.66-4.56), and also among patients under 70 years (OR: 3.61, 95% CI: 1.88-6.93). |
| Landes et al. (2020)(6)/United States |
Describe COVID-19 outcomes among people with IDD living in long-term care facilities in New York State and the general population of the same state/ Cross-sectional study |
People with IDD who live in long-term care institutions have a higher risk of presenting more serious results for COVID-19. Higher rates of positive diagnosis, mortality and lethality were observed in relation to the general population. |
| Fernandes et al. (2021)(7)/United States |
Demographically and clinically characterize pediatric patients with COVID-19 and identify hospital admission variables predictive of disease severity in the states of New York, New Jersey and Connecticut/ Cohort study |
Seven children died, 4 of whom were clinically complex patients, 2 had asthma as the only previous medical problem, and 1 had no comorbidity. |
| Bova et al. (2020) (8)/Italy |
Investigate the effects of lockdown on the health of children with neurological disorders and their access to care during lockdown / Cohort study |
The prevalence of COVID-19-related symptoms was significantly lower during the lockdown period than in the previous 2-month period. Children who left their homes during the lockdown period presented higher risks of presenting the symptoms associated with COVID-19 (OR: 3.63; 95% CI: 1.52-8.67). |
| Landes et al. (2021)(9)/United States |
Determine the impact of the residential environment and level of qualified nursing care for COVID-19 for people with IDD who receive and do not receive such care/ Cross-sectional study |
People who receive nursing services have a 60% lower contamination rate than those who do not receive this care. The mortality rate is 2.8 times higher among those who receive the services. Higher rates of diagnosis are in long-term care institutions that have more individuals. Higher lethality and mortality rates are concentrated in institutions with 24-hour nursing care. |
| Gleason et al. (2021)(12)/United States |
Describe the relative impact of COVID-19 on individuals with intellectual disabilities in relation to the general population/ Cross-sectional study |
Intellectual disability was the strongest independent risk factor for the diagnosis of COVID-19 (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 2.5-2.67) and the second strongest independent risk factor after age for mortality from the disease (OR: 5.9, 95% CI: 5.28-6.62). |
| Clift et al. (2020) (18)/England |
Derive and validate a risk prediction algorithm to estimate hospital admission and COVID-19 mortality outcomes in adults/ Cohort study |
4,384 deaths from COVID-19 occurred in the shunt cohort, 1,722 in the first validation period cohort, and 621 in the second validation period cohort. Cerebral palsy and neuromotor disease were comorbidities associated with hospital admission in all adjustment scenarios, although they are not part of the 20 comorbidities most associated with hospitalization for the disease. |
| Götzinger et al. (2020) (19)/Europe |
Investigate data on COVID-19 in children and adolescents across Europe/ Cohort study |
Among patients with neurological disorders (n=26), 5 were admitted to ICUs (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.0-7.9). |
| Shekerdermian et al. (2020) (20)/Canada and United States |
Describe and characterize COVID-19 infection in North American pediatric ICUs/ Cross-sectional study |
The most important comorbidity was detected among “clinically complex” patients, a term that involves patients who are dependent on long-term technological support for survival such as tracheostomy and developmental delay and/or genetic abnormalities. |
| Zachariah et al. (2021)(21)/United States |
Describe the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized at a children’s hospital and compare these parameters between hospitalized patients with and without the disease/ Cross-sectional study |
Of the children without any comorbidity, 25 developed the mild form and 8 developed the severe form of the disease. Of the children with neurological problems, 6 developed the mild form and 1 developed the severe form. Children who had neurological problems were at no greater risk of developing severe forms of the disease. |
| Garces et al. (2020) (22) / Brazil |
Estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated with COVID-19/ Cross-sectional study |
The prevalence of COVID-19 was higher among older people, men, and in people with cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, obesity, lung diseases and kidney diseases. However, after regression analysis, neurological diseases, history of asthma and Down syndrome were not factors associated with COVID-19. |
| Turk et al. (2020)(23)/United States |
Compare the trend of COVID-19 among people with and without IDD with stratification by age group/ Cross-sectional study |
People with IDD have a higher prevalence of specific comorbidities associated with unfavorable COVID-19 outcomes. In both groups, disease incidence is higher in the age group of 18-74 years. However, people with IDD had higher lethality of the disease among the youngest, while in the population over 75 years the disease behaved similarly to the rest of the population. |
| Perera et al. (2020) (24)/England and Ireland |
Investigate whether risk factors and comorbidities for the general population synchronously apply to the intellectual level of the population with disabilities, and whether there are additional risk issues of known and common comorbid disorders and, if so, what their cumulative burden is/ Cross-sectional study |
In the population with intellectual disabilities, mortality is concentrated in younger age groups than in the general population. Epilepsy associated with moderate intellectual disability seems to be a factor associated with mortality from the disease in this group. Dysphagia was a factor associated with mortality in the group with more severe disabilities. Down syndrome was the most frequent diagnosis among deaths. Most of people who died lived in long-term care institutions. |
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