Youth empowerment through health education scale: validity study

This is a methodological study carried out through EJEduS assessment by relevance, clarity and pertinence criteria by experts in the subject as well as by school adolescents and from a quilombola community. The analysis was performed using the Content Validity Coefficient and Content Validity Index, in addition to calculating the Gwet AC2 to verify inter- and intra-expert agreement.

Results

Of the initial 50 items on the scale, 18 needed to be reformulated and 11 were excluded after consensus discussion with adolescents. The intra-expert agreement was almost perfect for the three criteria: relevance (Gwet: 0.894; 95%CI 0.825-0.919), clarity (Gwet: 0.848; 95%CI 0.816-0.879) and pertinence (Gwet: 0.896; 95%CI 0.870-0.923). In the intra-adolescent agreement analysis, an almost perfect agreement was observed (Gwet: 0.96; 95%CI 0.917-1), with acceptable agreement rates of Content Validity Coefficient and Content Validity Index, both with 0.91.

Conclusion

The scale presented satisfactory Content Validity Indexes and appearance to measure youth empowerment through health education.

Adolescent health; Health education; Empowerment; Methods; Validation studies

Item	CVI/CVC
Item	Relevance	Clarity	Pertinence
1. Did you choose the class subject? Did you have any participation in choosing the subject?	0.95/0.89	0.76/0.77	0.95/0.89
2. Was the subject taught in class important to you? Was it interesting? Was it your need?	0.95/0.92	0.86/0.86	1/0.94
3. Were you in class out of obligation? Wasn’t it your will to be here?	0.9/0.87	0.81/0.86	0.9/0.88
4. Did the class meet or exceed your expectations?	0.9/0.93	0.9/0.93	0.95/0.94
5. Did the class help you in your decision-making? Will it collaborate/support in your choices?	0.95/0.92	0.9/0.87	1/0.96
6. Did the class help you identify or solve any of your problems? Did you have the courage to solve your health problems? Will the class help improve your health?	0.95/0.93	0.76/0.83	0.9/0.9
7. Did the class cause any concern? After the class, did you feel like/motivated to look for more on the subject?	0.95/0.95	0.9/0.92	0.95/0.95
8. Were you able to get your ideas out? Did you feel free to vent? Express your feelings and/or speak your mind?	1/0.96	0.81/0.86	1/0.94
9. I’ll put it into practice what I’ve learned!	0.95/0.95	0.81/0.87	0.95/0.95
10. Will the teachings of the class you take into your life?	0.86/0.87	0.81/0.86	0.9/0.88
11. What I learned today will help me to stance myself, to establish my opinions more	1/0.96	0.95/0.92	1/0.96
12. The class encouraged me to dialogue with other people	0.9/0.93	0.9/0.88	0.9/0.93
13. The class taught me to recognize my own needs	1/0.95	0.9/0.9	1/0.95
14. By participating in the class, I was able to notice changes in my attitudes and decisions	0.95/0.92	0.86/0.88	0.95/0.9
15. What I learned today will help me to review my life project	1/0.95	0.95/0.9	1/0.96
16. The class changed the way I see the world. The class changed me. I am someone else	0.76/0.82	0.76/0.85	0.76/0.85
17. The class helped me to trust and believe in myself more. The class made me feel confident in myself	0.9/092	0.81/0.87	0.9/0.9
18. What I learned today will help me to be “myself”. The class helped me to have more control, to become increasingly aware of my attitudes	0.9/0.92	0.86/0.87	0.9/0.92
19. The class made me think differently. Helped open my mind	0.81/0.86	0.81/0.85	0.76/0.83
20. The class will help my well-being	0.86/0.83	0.71/0.8	0.86/0.86
21. The class helped me to understand myself better. It meant, for me, new possibilities for us to know ourselves	0.9/0.93	0.9/0.92	0.9/0.93
22. Today meant a day of new possibilities to learn about “being a teenager”. I understood that there is no right way to be a teenager! Everyone has their own way of being a teenager!	1/0.96	0.9/0.95	1/0.96
23. The class made me believe that I can think about my future, know what to do from now on	0.95/0.92	0.95/0.93	0.95/0.9
24. The class woke me up to not being an influential teenager	0.86/0.88	0.81/0.87	0.86/0.89
25. After class, I will have more voice at school, in the family and in society	0.95/0.93	0.86/0.9	0.95/0.94
26. What I learned today will help me socialize, meet new people, make friends	0.95/0.92	0.9/0.9	0.95/0.92
27. The class helped me learn to deal with others’ opinion	0.95/0.95	0.95/0.94	0.95/0.96
28. After class, I felt like sharing my experience with my colleagues, family, and community	0.9/0.94	0.86/0.93	0.9/0.94
29. After class, I didn’t feel like seeking connections and support from health professionals, family and friends	0.9/0.88	0.86/0.87	0.86/0.87
30. With the class, I realized that I can contribute to improving the health of my colleagues, family and community	1/0.98	0.95/0.96	1/0.98
31. In class, I was able to understand that it is very important for us teenagers to participate more strongly at school, in the community and in the family	1/0.96	0.95/0.92	1/0.96
32. The class helped me to put myself in the other’s shoes, to respect and empathize with the other	1/0.98	1/0.96	1/0.96
33. In class, I was able to understand that a democratic place is where the teenager is heard, where choices are made together with the teenagers	1/0.99	0.95/0.98	1/0.99
34. The class made me recognize as a being belonging to a school, family, friends, and/or community	0.95/0.95	0.86/0.92	0.95/0.95
35. In class, I was able to understand that teenagers need to have a voice in the family, at school, and in the community	0.9/0.89	0.86/0.87	0.9/0.89
36. The class made me want to be more committed to the problems of my school, family, and/or community	0.95/0.95	0.95/0.95	0.95/0.95
37. The class motivated me to solve the health problems of my family, friends, and my community	0.9/0.9	0.9/0.92	0.9/0.92
38. The class made me want to contribute to a more ethical, fair and supportive society	1/1	1/0.99	1/1
39. In class, I was challenged to pursue my rights as a citizen	1/0.98	1/0.96	1/0.98
40. The class left out my background, my history, and my culture	0.86/0.85	0.86/0.85	0.86/0.85
41. After class, I felt like changing the way I live	0.9/0.92	0.95/0.94	0.9/0.92
42. After class, I had the courage to suggest changes in activities to meet the class’s interests	1/0.95	0.95/0.94	1/0.95
43. What I learned today will help me understand the world in a different way	0.9/0.9	0.86/0.89	0.9/0.9
44. The class showed me how politicians can only think of themselves, only for their benefit, not ours	0.76/0.86	0.71/0.83	0.76/0.85
45. The class showed me how politicians want to silence my voice and manipulate me	0.67/0.8	0.67/0.81	0.67/0.79
46. In class, I was able to understand that social inequality exists, and in many places	0.95/0.96	0.95/0.96	0.95/0.96
47. In class, I managed to understand that a teenager is at risk when they do not receive the necessary protection for their growth and development, such as health care, food, school, and many other things	1/0.99	0.95/0.98	1/0.99
48. The class gave me the feeling of being free	0.9/0.93	0.9/0.93	0.9/0.93
49. The class showed me reality, practice, things like they happen out there	0.95/0.95	0.95/0.95	0.95/0.95
50. The class motivated me to resolve conflicts in a non-violent way, with dialogue and solidarity	0.95/0.98	0.95/0.98	1/0.99
Total CVI/CVC	0.93/0.92	0.88/0.9	0.93/0.93

Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo R. Napoleão de Barros, 754, 04024-002 São Paulo - SP/Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 5576 4430 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: actapaulista@unifesp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Mariana Boulitreau Siqueira Campos Barros E-mail: mariana.cbarros@ufpe.br