Seed yield and quality of <i>Paspalum notatum</i> Flügge intraspecific hybrids

Souza, Cleber Henrique Lopes de; Motta, Éder Alexandre Minski da; Brunes, André Pich; Weiler, Roberto Luis; Simioni, Carine; Sampaio, Rodrigo; Rios, Esteban Fernando; Dall’Agnol, Miguel

doi:10.4025/actasciagron.v46i1.62530

ABSTRACT.

Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) is an important forage in South America and the United States because of its high palatability, resistance to trampling and grazing, and tolerance to cold, but it exhibits low seed yield and poor seed quality. Previous studies reported improvements in forage production and nutritive value in hybrids and ecotypes; however, information about seed yield and quality in forage bahiagrass is limited. This study aimed to characterize the seed yield and quality of nine P. notatum intraspecific hybrids and three controls: P. notatum ecotypes V4 and Bagual and cultivar Pensacola. Inflorescence density, 1,000-seed weight, seed yield and germination rate decreased in year 2 influenced by weather conditions and ergot. Seed yield ranged from 139 (Pensacola) to 1,158 (Bagual) kg ha^-1 among all entries, where Bagual, C18, and V4 produced more than 974 kg ha^-1, which was approximately seven times more than Pensacola. Bagual, C18, V4, 336, C15, 225, and D3 showed germination rates greater than 83%. In conclusion, Bagual had the highest seed yield and germination rate, whereas hybrids C18 and 336 showed high seed yield, 1,000-seed weight, and germination rate in both years. Bagual, C18, and 336 should be used in future breeding programs to improve seed production traits. Our study revealed that selection for seed production traits can result in improvements in seed yield and quality in bahiagrass.

Keywords:
bahiagrass; hybridization; native species; plant breeding

[1] * Author for correspondence. E-mail: carine.simioni@ufrgs.br

Genotype	Source and determination of reproductive mode	Origin	Reproductive mode
A16	Weiler et al. (2017Weiler, R. L., Dall’Agnol, M., Simioni, C., Krycki, K. C., Dahmer, N., & Guerra, D. (2017). Determination of the mode of reproduction of bahiagrass hybrids using cytoembryological analysis and molecular markers. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 46(3), 185-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-92902017000300002 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2018)	Q4188 x André da Rocha	Facultative apomictic
C15	Weiler et al. (2017Weiler, R. L., Dall’Agnol, M., Simioni, C., Krycki, K. C., Dahmer, N., & Guerra, D. (2017). Determination of the mode of reproduction of bahiagrass hybrids using cytoembryological analysis and molecular markers. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 46(3), 185-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-92902017000300002 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2018)	Q4205 x André da Rocha	Apomictic
C18	Weiler et al. (2017Weiler, R. L., Dall’Agnol, M., Simioni, C., Krycki, K. C., Dahmer, N., & Guerra, D. (2017). Determination of the mode of reproduction of bahiagrass hybrids using cytoembryological analysis and molecular markers. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 46(3), 185-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-92902017000300002 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2018)	Q4205 x André da Rocha	Sexual
D3	Weiler et al. (2017Weiler, R. L., Dall’Agnol, M., Simioni, C., Krycki, K. C., Dahmer, N., & Guerra, D. (2017). Determination of the mode of reproduction of bahiagrass hybrids using cytoembryological analysis and molecular markers. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 46(3), 185-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-92902017000300002 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/... , 2018)	Q4205 x Bagual	Apomictic
225	Machado et al. (2021Machado, J. M., Krycki, K. C., Weiler, R. L., Simioni, C., & Dall’Agnol, M. (2021). Reproduction mode and apospory expressivity of selected hybrids of Paspalum notatum Flügge. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 13(2), 58-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/JPBCS2021.0948 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5897/... )	Q4188 x 83N	Apomictic
336	Machado et al. (2021Machado, J. M., Krycki, K. C., Weiler, R. L., Simioni, C., & Dall’Agnol, M. (2021). Reproduction mode and apospory expressivity of selected hybrids of Paspalum notatum Flügge. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 13(2), 58-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/JPBCS2021.0948 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5897/... )	Q4205 x 95N	Sexual
437	Machado et al. (2021Machado, J. M., Krycki, K. C., Weiler, R. L., Simioni, C., & Dall’Agnol, M. (2021). Reproduction mode and apospory expressivity of selected hybrids of Paspalum notatum Flügge. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 13(2), 58-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/JPBCS2021.0948 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5897/... )	Q4205 x V4	Sexual
712	Machado et al. (2021Machado, J. M., Krycki, K. C., Weiler, R. L., Simioni, C., & Dall’Agnol, M. (2021). Reproduction mode and apospory expressivity of selected hybrids of Paspalum notatum Flügge. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 13(2), 58-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/JPBCS2021.0948 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5897/... )	C4-4X x 36N	Facultative apomictic
10036	Machado et al. (2021Machado, J. M., Krycki, K. C., Weiler, R. L., Simioni, C., & Dall’Agnol, M. (2021). Reproduction mode and apospory expressivity of selected hybrids of Paspalum notatum Flügge. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 13(2), 58-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/JPBCS2021.0948 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5897/... )	Q4205 x 95N	Facultative apomictic
Bagual	Planalto region, RS (Brazil)	Native	Apomictic
V4	Barra do Quaraí, RS (Brazil)	Native	Apomictic
Pensacola	Diploid Commercial cultivar	United States	Sexual

Year	Clay	pH H₂O	OM	P	K	H+Al	Al	Ca	Mg	CEC	Base sat.	Al sat.
Year	g kg^-1		g kg^-1	mg dm^-3		cmol_c dm^-3					%
*	180	4.9	15.0	5.5	58	2.5	0.6	1.0	0.1	5.7	27	18.2
1	170	4.6	14.0	7.9	69	6.2	0.9	1.0	0.4	7.7	20	36.3
2	210	3.9	12.0	13.0	114	13.7	1.0	07	0.4	15.0	8	44.2

Genotype	ID		NRI	NSR	TSW		SY		PSY
Genotype	Year 1	Year 2	NRI	NSR	Year 1	Year 2	Year 1	Year 2	Year 1	Year 2
	Inflorescences m^-2				g		kg ha^-1
Bagual	349 a	214 b	2.00 b	29 a	3.63 b	3.21 a	1158 a	562 a	832 a	356 a
C18	281 a	108 b	2.01 b	27 a	4.03 a	3.50 a	975 a	313 b	609 b	205 b
V4	345 a	272 a	2.04 a	19 b	3.79 b	3.34 a	1029 a	583 a	549 b	328 a
336	284 a	328 a	2.01 b	24 a	3.37 c	3.17 a	682 b	510 a	546 b	401 a
C15	356 a	169 b	2.00 b	18 b	3.08 d	2.78 b	820 b	236 b	490 b	143 b
437	235 b	269 a	2.05 a	22 b	4.02 a	3.32 a	744 b	652 a	453 b	361 a
A16	225 b	223 b	2.02 b	27 a	3.05 d	2.81 b	863 b	652 a	444 b	271 a
10036	265 a	207 b	2.05 a	20 b	3.43 c	3.33 a	794 b	491 a	431 b	215 b
225	299 a	272 a	2.01 b	22 a	3.04 d	2.93 b	702 b	558 a	425 b	348 a
712	293 a	171 b	2.02 b	18 b	3.19 d	3.22 a	613 b	355 b	379 b	183 b
D3	106 c	210 b	2.01 b	25 a	3.41 c	3.01 b	339 c	480 a	205 c	250 b
Pensacola	160 c	196 b	2.06 a	12 c	1.67 e	1.77 c	139 c	173 b	64 c	103 b

Genotype	SS	Germ		VSR	Weed		Ergot
Genotype	SS	Year 1	Year 2	VSR	Year 1	Year 2	Ergot
Bagual	68 b	15 b	3 c	71 a	8 c	8 b	1.5 b
C18	64 b	44 a	5 c	83 a	8 c	5 b	0.8 b
V4	54 c	43 a	34 b	63 a	6 c	2 b	2.7 a
336	80 a	59 a	11 c	76 a	8 c	5 b	1.5 b
C15	60 c	27 b	16 c	72 a	13 c	16 b	1.0 b
437	58 c	30 b	15 c	45 b	25 b	6 b	3.7 a
A16	46 d	26 b	4 c	29 c	5 c	16 b	3.9 a
10036	50 d	26 b	28 b	57 b	17 b	12 b	3.0 a
225	61 c	17 b	17 c	70 a	17 b	8 b	1.3 b
712	56 c	18 b	14 c	58 b	23 b	9 b	2.8 a
D3	56 c	30 b	35 b	74 a	28 b	38 a	1.0 b
Pensacola	49 d	34 b	56 a	51 b	68 a	37 a	2.7 a

Brasil

Brasil

Seed yield and quality of Paspalum notatum Flügge intraspecific hybrids

ABSTRACT.