Discursos sobre manejo forestal sostenible en el Dominio Caatinga

Lucena, Marcelo Silva de; Zakia, Maria José Brito; Guerin, Natalia

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Original Article • Ambient. soc. 26 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20220042vu2023L4OA copiar

Discursos sobre manejo forestal sostenible en el Dominio Caatinga

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

El manejo forestal sostenible (MFS) puede albergar diferentes discursos sobre la sostenibilidad. En este trabajo, basado en la teoría del discurso, se caracterizaron las principales ideas, conceptos y narrativas que se han propuesto sobre lo MFS de la vegetación nativa del Dominio de la Caatinga (DC). Se encontraron tres discursos principales: a) MFS bioenergético: enfatiza la producción de biomasa forestal para abastecer las demandas energéticas regionales; además, busca contribuir fuertemente a la reducción de la deforestación y la conservación de los bosques; b) MFS silvopastoril: busca proporcionar alternativas para mejorar la disponibilidad forrajera; c) MFS no maderable: busca valorar los conocimientos tradicionales sobre la biodiversidad, ampliar las formas de manejo de múltiples especies y fortalecer las estrategias de convivencia con el semiárido. La existencia de diferentes discursos, junto con la gama de prácticas sostenibles que presentan, ofrece la oportunidad para el cambio de políticas y la innovación institucional.

Palabras-clave:
Discurso forestal; bioenergía; sistemas silvopastoriles; productos no madereros; sustentabilidad

Bioenergetic SFM	Silvopastoral SFM	Non-timber SFM
The application of silvicultural interventions and practices based on technical knowledge (including techniques for harvesting, management, silvicultural treatments, and regeneration) on native vegetation to produce firewood, charcoal, and/or other woody products primarily used as a source of thermal/heat energy while considering the maintenance of the sustaining and/or regenerating mechanisms of the managed forest.	The application of manipulation techniques and silvicultural practices based on technical knowledge (including thinning, pollarding, and/or thinning) on woody native vegetation, aiming to provide or increase the production of woody forage and/or improve the quality and quantity of herbaceous forage, while considering the maintenance of the sustaining and/or regenerating mechanisms of the managed forest.	The application of silvicultural techniques and interventions based on technical knowledge, aiming to produce or exploit non-timber forest products, including medicinal, beekeeping, oil-bearing, fibrous, waxy, tannin-rich, ornamental, and beekeeping products, while considering the maintenance of the sustaining and/or regenerating mechanisms of the managed forest.

Key Ideas and Discursive Narratives	Discourses
Key Ideas and Discursive Narratives	Bioenergetic SFM	Silvopastoral SFM	Non-timber SFM
“Conception of use of native forest resources: main goals of SFM.”	Sources of biomass energy to meet industrial, commercial, and manufacturing demands.	An alternative to improve the qualitative and quantitative forage supply, aiming to boost regional livestock productivity.	A source of multiple species, “unconventionall” forms of use, and productive materials to increase development possibilities.
Main aspects of environmental sustainability resulting from the application of the proposed SFM	a) Bioenergetic SFM proposed as an alternative to reducing deforestation. b) Subsequently, SFM proposals incorporated discourses related to biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation, and coexistence with desertification. c) Forest conservation is presented as an outcome of SFM implementation (maintenance of structural aspects, biodiversity, and carbon stocks of native forests).	a) Facilitating the coexistence of rural populations with semi-arid conditions. b) Conservation as a tool to maintain long-term productivity, reduce pasture and soil degradation, and decrease the risk of desertification. c) Contributing to the development and environmental sustainability of semi-arid landscapes.	a) Facilitate the coexistence of rural populations with semi-arid conditions and desertification; b) Conservation of biodiversity and adaptation to climate change.
Key aspects of social sustainability resulting from the application of the proposed SFM	a) Contribute to generating income and reducing poverty among rural populations; b) prevent rural exodus.	a) Contribute to generating income and reducing poverty among rural populations; b) prevent rural exodus.	a) Contribute to generating income and reducing poverty among rural populations;
Emphasizes small rural properties	Suitable for small, medium and large properties;	Approach to regional land tenure issues	Suitable for small, medium and large properties;
Influence on formal forest management	Greater influence on formal regulation of the SFM	Little influence on formal regulation of the SFM	Little influence on formal regulation of the SFM
Main common discursive element	Difficulties in implementation and dissemination related to the characteristics of forest management operating in DC

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[1] Marcelo Silva de Lucena ✉ marceloslucenarn@gmail.com