Explanatory Factors of the NGM Disclosure Related to the Cash Flow by European Listed Entities

This paper aims to assess the transparency of information on cash flows and its potential explanatory factors, using for this purpose, the disclosures on non-generally accepted accounting principles (non-GAAP) measures (NGM) related to cash flows. The explanatory factors were assessed in the light of different theories, namely the institutional theory, the theory of agency, and the positive theory of accounting. The data was based on the reports and accounts of 121 Euronext entities between 2018 to 2021. Based on the linear regression model, the findings identified that the disclosure of NGM on cash flows in the entities reports, with emphasis on free cash flow (FCF), as well as the presentation of the NGM calculation formula and the possibility of reconciliation with the GAAP information disclosed. In addition, it was identified that location, industry, size, indebtedness, and corporate governance variables were explanatory factors for the disclosures around cash flows, and overall, providing support for the different theories. This research contributes to the discussion around NGM transparency, especially regarding cash flows. Furthermore, the paper contributes to the academic and business environment by assessing current references related to the statement of cash flow. It also assesses the potential explanatory factors for the disclosure of such information.

KEYWORDS:
Explanatory factors; Cash flows; IASB; NGM; Transparency