The use of satellite for water applications in agriculture: a review

Cunha, Samuel Rodrigues da; Guimarães, Gabriel do Nascimento

doi:10.1590/s1982-21702023000300006

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Bol. Ciênc. Geod. 29 (3) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s1982-21702023000300006 copy

The use of satellite for water applications in agriculture: a review

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

Many efforts have been made to understand climatic and hydrological variables’ variability, magnitude, and standards. In this sense, spatial data has been a fundamentally important tool in supporting the development of agriculture and environmental management research. We start this review by giving a brief overview of the use of satellites in Brazilian agriculture. Besides that, we present a couple of examples of satellite applications in managing water resources in agriculture. The second part of this review illustrates a detailed scenario concerning the orbital sensors available for water applications in agriculture. Finally, we provide a synthesis of the future of satellites in agriculture in terms of nanosatellites, artificial intelligence, and onboard processing.

Keywords:
Agriculture; Irrigation; Satellite; Remote Sensing

Sensor	Measured Variables	Spatial Resolution	Temporal Resolution	Website for Information
OPTICAL SENSORS
Sentinel 2	Detection and delimitation of water bodies, Evapotranspiration, Surface Temperature, Aquifer Recharge, Water stress, Reservoir Water Quality Monitoring, Humidity, Central Pivot Quantification	10 m - 30 m	6 - 12 days	https://sentinel.esa.int/web
MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Aqua/Terra	Surface Water Quality, Surface Temperature, Cloud Mask Fraction, Maximum Cloud Temperature, Near-Infrared Water Vapor, Precipitable Water Vapor, Water Body Detection and Delimitation, Evapotranspiration, Water Stress, Humidity	500 m	1 - 2 days	https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/
Landsat 5,7,8 and 9	Evapotranspiration, Surface Temperature, Detection and Delimitation of Water Bodies, Water Stress, Quantification of Central Pivots, Humidity, Water Productivity in Basin, Water Volume Monitoring in Reservoirs, Soil Moisture	30 m	16 days	https://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/
WorldView-1,2,3 and 4	Detection and Delimitation of Water Bodies, Quantification of Central Pivots, Monitoring of Water Volume in Reservoirs, Evapotranspiration, Humidity, Surface Temperature	0.31 - 0.46 m	1 - 3 days	https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/
Pleiades 1A and 2A	Detection and Delimitation of Water Bodies, Quantification of Central Pivots, Monitoring of Water Volume in Reservoirs, Validation of Water Turbidity	0.50 m	26 days	https://pleiades-cnes.fr/drupal/
KompSat-3 and 3A	Detection and Delimitation of Water Bodies, Quantification of Central Pivots, Water Volume Monitoring in Reservoirs	0.55 - 0.70 m	28 days	https://eos.com/find-satellite/kompsat-3-3a/
QuickBird	Detection and Delimitation of Water Bodies, Quantification of Central Pivots, Monitoring of Water Volume in Reservoirs, Evapotranspiration, Water Stress, Surface Temperature	0.65 m	1 - 3.5 days	https://earth.esa.int/eogateway/catalog/quickbird-full-archive
Gaofen-2	Detection and Delimitation of Water Bodies, Quantification of Central Pivots, Water Volume Monitoring in Reservoirs	0.80 m	5 days	No website
TripleSat	Detection and Delimitation of Water Bodies, Quantification of Central Pivots, Water Volume Monitoring in Reservoirs	0.80 m	Daily	https://www.21at.sg/productsservices/triplesat-constellation/
IKONOS II	Detection and Delimitation of Water Bodies, Quantification of Central Pivots, Water Volume Monitoring in Reservoirs, Humidity, Water Stress, Digital Elevation Model, Surface Temperature, Evapotranspiration,	0.82 m	1 - 3 days	https://earth.esa.int/eogateway/missions/ikonos-2
SkySat-1 and 2	Detection and Delimitation of Water Bodies, Quantification of Central Pivots, Water Volume Monitoring in Reservoirs	0.80 m	4 - 5 days	https://earth.esa.int/eogateway/missions/skysat
TerraSAR-X	Detection and Delimitation of Water Bodies, Quantification of Central Pivots, Water Volume Monitoring in Reservoirs, Digital Elevation Model	0.25 - 40 m	11 days	https://terrasar-x-archive.terrasar.com/
SPOT 3 to 7	Detection and Delimitation of Water Bodies, Quantification of Central Pivots, Monitoring of Water Volume in Reservoirs, Detection and Prediction of Climatological Phenomena, Water Stress, Humidity	1.5 m	1 - 3 days	https://earth.esa.int/eogateway/missions/spot/
SuperView-1	Detection and Delimitation of Water Bodies, Quantification of Central Pivots, Water Volume Monitoring in Reservoirs	0.5 m	2 days	https://eos.com/find-satellite/superview-1/
CBERS-1, 2, 2B, 3, 4 and 04A	Detection and Delimitation of Water Bodies, Quantification of Central Pivot, Monitoring of Water Volume in Reservoirs, Surface Temperature Change Phenomena	5 - 40 m	26 days	http://www.cbers.inpe.br/
METEOROLOGICAL SENSORS
JPSS (Joint Polar Satellite System)	Weather Monitoring, Surface Temperature, Cloud Development, Precipitation, Atmospheric Temperature, Water Vapor,	No information	Daily	https://www.jpss.noaa.gov/
METEOSAT (Meteorological Satellite)	Climate monitoring, Weather Forecasts, Water Vapor, Cloud Formation and Development, Surface Temperature	2.5 km	30 minutes	https://www.eumetsat.int/
GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites)	Atmospheric Phenomena, Cloud Formation and Development, Surface Temperature, Water Vapor, Vertical Structure of Atmosphere, Atmosphere Contained Steam, Weather Forecasts	1 km	30 minutes	https://www.goes.noaa.gov/
MERRA Model and MERRA-2 Model	Total water vapor, Soil water profile, Cloud water conversion loss, Total precipitable water, Surface soil water layer, Open water energy flow, Soil water infiltration rate	0.5° - 0.667° (MERRA) 0.5°- 0.625° (MERRA-2)	Monthly	https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/reanalysis/MERRA/
GLDAS (Global Land Data Assimilation System)	Evapotranspiration, Soil Moisture, Canopy Water Evaporation, Soil Temperature, Groundwater Runoff, Rain Precipitation, Surface Water of plant canopy, Precipitable Water Vapor	0.25° x 0.25° 1° x 1°	Monthly	https://ldas.gsfc.nasa.gov/gldas
NLDAS (North American Land Data Assimilation System)	Evapotranspiration, Soil Moisture, Surface and Subsurface Runoff	0.25° x 0.25°	Monthly	https://ldas.gsfc.nasa.gov/
NCA-LDAS (National Climate Assessment - Land Data Assimilation System)	Evapotranspiration, Irrigated Water Rate	1.25° x 1.25°	Daily	https://ldas.gsfc.nasa.gov/nca-ldas
FLDAS (Famine Early Warning Systems Network -FEWS NET/ Land Data Assimilation System)	Total Evapotranspiration, Specific Moisture, Underground Flow, Soil Heat Flow, Surface Runoff, Latent Heat Flow, Rain Flow, Soil Temperature	0.1° x 0.1°	Monthly	https://ldas.gsfc.nasa.gov/fldas
TRMM ( Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)	Precipitation, Liquid Water Cloud, Quantification of Water Vapor, Intensity of Precipitation in the Atmosphere, Three-Dimensional Mapping of Storm Structures	0.25° x 0.25° 0.50° x 0.50°	91 minutes	https://trmm.gsfc.nasa.gov/
ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer)	Cloud Classification, Surface Temperature,	15 m	16 days	http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/
RADAR SENSORS
AMSR-E	Water Balance Model	25 km	Daily	https://aqua.nasa.gov/
AIRS	Total Column of Water Vapor, Mass of Water Vapor on the Surface	1°	Daily	https://airs.jpl.nasa.gov/
GRAVITY SENSORS
GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) and GRACE-FO	Groundwater Storage, Drought Monitoring, Water Flow Estimates, Hydrological Modeling, Evapotranspiration	1° x 1°	Monthly	https://grace.jpl.nasa.gov/
GOCE (Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer)	Groundwater Storage	1° x 1°	Monthly	https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/GOCE

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E-mail: bcg_editor@ufpr.br

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[TFN1] ^*
The spatial resolution of some sensors is expressed just in degree. Each degree corresponds to approximately 111 km.