A new alternative for finishing the surface of dental preparations with ultrasonic instruments and CVD technology

SILVA, Marina Bacelar; MURAMATSU, Layra Catarina Rocha; SILVA, Leonardo Alvares Sobral; MARQUES, Thays Oliveira; SILVA, João Maurício Ferraz da; UEMURA, Eduardo Shigueyuki

doi:10.4322/bds.2026.e4855

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Original Article • Braz. Dent. Sci. 29 • 2026 • https://doi.org/10.4322/bds.2026.e4855 linkcopy

A new alternative for finishing the surface of dental preparations with ultrasonic instruments and CVD technology

Uma nova alternativa para o acabamento da superfície de preparos dentários com instrumentos ultrassônicos e tecnologia CVD

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective This study aimed to evaluate surface roughness and surface finishing quality of bovine dentin prepared using different instrumentation protocols. Conventional high-speed diamond burs were compared with ultrasonic CVD diamond tips to assess their effectiveness in optimizing prosthodontic tooth preparations while preserving dental structure.

Material and Methods Forty bovine teeth were randomly assigned to four experimental groups (n = 10) according to the dentin finishing protocol. The Control group (DT) used a conventional diamond bur at High-speed. Group DT+CR4 employed a conventional bur followed by a CVD diamond tip (CR4) coupled to an ultrasonic device. Group DT+CR4U used a conventional bur followed by two ultrasonic CVD diamond tips (CR4 and ultrafine CR4U). Group DT+FF+RT consisted of a conventional bur followed by a multilaminated carbide bur, an ultrafine diamond tip, and rubber polishing tips. After preparation, surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a contact profilometer, and surface topography was qualitatively analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were submitted to descriptive and variance analyses with a 95% confidence interval.

Results The Control group showed significantly higher surface roughness values (Ra = 3.46 ± 0.89; p < 0.001) compared with all experimental groups. No statistically significant differences were observed among the experimental protocols (Ra = 1.94 ± 0.80; 1.87 ± 0.43; 1.83 ± 0.66; p > 0.05). SEM analysis revealed that the DT+CR4 and DT+CR4U groups exhibited more regular and homogeneous dentin surfaces than the Control group, while DT+FF+RT presented the smoothest surface pattern.

Conclusion Tooth preparations performed with ultrasonic CVD diamond tips resulted in more regular and homogeneous dentin surfaces and significantly reduced surface roughness compared with conventional diamond burs alone. These findings support the use of CVD diamond tips as a viable and conservative alternative for the finishing of prosthodontic tooth preparation.

KEYWORDS:
Dental cavity preparation; Prosthodontic tooth preparation; Scanning electron microscopy; Surface properties; Ultrasonic

Group	Description
Control (DT)	Control group: diamond tip KG^® nº2135 coupled in High-speed with irrigation. DT: Diamond Tip.
DT + CR4	KG^® diamond tip nº2135 coupled in High-speed with irrigation, CVDentus^® CR4 diamond tip coupled to CVDentus^® Clinical Plus Ultrasonic – DentSurg Pro. DT+CVD: Diamond Tip, CR4 diamond tip.
DT + CR4U	KG^® diamond tip nº2135 coupled in High-speed with irrigation CVDentus^® CR4 diamond tip, followed by CVDentus^® CR4U diamond tip (ultrafine granulation) coupled to CVDentus^® Clinical Plus Ultrasonic – DentSurg Pro. DT + CR4U: Diamond Tip, CR4 diamond tip (ultrafine granulation).
DT + FF + RT	KG^® diamond tip n°2135 coupled in High-speed with irrigation, FG^® multilaminated carbide bur 30 preparation finishing blades n°9714FF coupled in multiplier contra-angle and finalization with rubber tips coupled in contra-angle in low rotation. DT + FF + RT: Diamond tip, multilaminated carbide bur, Diamond tip ultrafine granulation, rubber tips.

Used material	Manufacturer	Recommendation
Diamond Tip n°2135	KG Sorensen^®	Routine enamel and dentin preparations;
		Initial access to carious lesions;
		Initial removal of tooth structure for prosthetic preparations.
CR4 diamond tip for ultrasonic	CVDentus^®	End of preparation (wide margin);
CR4 diamond tip for ultrasonic	CVDentus^®	End of tooth structure removal.
CR4U Diamond Tip for ultrasonic (ultrafine granulation)	CVDentus^®	Refinement of the prosthetic preparation by removing excess material.
CR4U Diamond Tip for ultrasonic (ultrafine granulation)	CVDentus^®	Refinement of the preparation in a narrow prosthetic margin and assistance in the hybridization of the immediate seal.
Carbide bur 30 blades No.9714FF preparation finishing	KG Sorensen^®	Finishing of tooth preparations and restorations.
Finishing rubber bowl	Microdont^®	Finishing and polishing tooth preparations.
Contra Angle Koncept Multiplier 1:5	KaVo^®	Suggested for refinement and finishing of preparation of aesthetic prosthesis, inlay, onlay, smoothing, cavity preparations and veneers.
Piezoeletric Clinical Plus DentSurg	CVDentus^®	Piezoelectric ultrasonic that serves all clinical specialties: Endodontics, Dentistry, Periodontics and Prosthesis.
Piezoeletric Clinical Plus DentSurg	CVDentus^®	Making more conservative prosthetic preparations.

Group	Mean (SD)	Min	Max	Shapiro-Wilk p
Control	3.46 (0.89)^a	2.25	4.79	0.370
DT+CR4	1.94 (0.81)^b	0.64	3.20	0.868
DT+CR4U	1.87 (0.43)^b	1.14	2.51	0.792
DT+FF+RT	1.83 (0.66)^b	0.47	2.76	0.720

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Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia Av. Francisco José Longo 777, 12.245-000, +55 12 3947-9311 - São José dos Campos - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bds.ict@unesp.br

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[1] Source: Prepared by the author.