Brazilian psychometrics of the Collett-Lester fear of death scale

Andrade, Ana Maria Garcia; Silva, José Vitor da; Baptista, Makilim Nunes

doi:10.1590/1983-803420233283EN

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Research • Rev. Bioét. 31 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-803420233283EN copy

Brazilian psychometrics of the Collett-Lester fear of death scale

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Methodological study conducted with 279 individuals to evaluate the reliability of the Collett-Lester fear of death scale and relate it to the spiritual well-being scale. Its multifactorial structure was confirmed by four dimensions and 24 items. Internal consistency obtained Cronbach’s α of 0.951. Pearson’s correlation (r=0.87 and p =0.000) confirmed stability. Collett-Lester fear of death scale showed positive correlation with three of the four spiritual well-being scale items, ranging from weak to moderate magnitudes. The Collett-Lester fear of death scale proved to be reliable for the Brazilian reality.

Bioethics; Death; Psychometry

Authors	Country	Factor analysis	Internal consistency (Orion)	Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α)	Correlation
Mooney, O’Gorman; 2001 ¹⁶16. Mooney DC, O’Gorman JG. Construct validity of the revised Collett-Lester fear of death and dying scale. Omega [Internet]. 2001 [acesso 14 fev 2023];43(2):157-73. DOI: 10.2190/13PW-QPFY-B1PB-2AQA https://doi.org/10.2190/13PW-QPFY-B1PB-2...	Australia	Five factors	Not performed	α=0.93	Multidimensional fear of death scale p <0.05
Tomás-Sábado, Limonero, Abdel-Khalek; 2007 ¹⁷17. Tomás-Sábado J, Limonero JT, Abdel-Khalek AM. Spanish adaptation of the Collett-Lester fear of death scale. Death Stud [Internet]. 2007 [acesso 14 fev 2023];31(3):249-60. DOI: 10.1080/07481180601152625 https://doi.org/10.1080/0748118060115262...	Spain	Four factors	Not performed	α=0.92	Kuwait University anxiety scale; Death anxiety inventory p <0.001
Kolawole, Olusegun; 2008 ¹⁸18. Kolawole MS, Olusegun A. The reliability and validity of revised Collett-Lester fear of death and dying scale (version 3) in a Nigerian population. Omega [Internet]. 2008 [acesso 14 fev 2023];57(2):195-205. DOI: 10.2190/OM.57.2.e https://doi.org/10.2190/OM.57.2.e...	Nigeria	Three factors	Not performed	α=0.91	Not performed
Naderi, Esmaili; 2009 ¹⁹19. Naderi F, Esmaili E. Collett-Lester fear of death scale validation and gender-based comparison of death anxiety, suicide ideation and like satisfaction in university students. J Appl Sci [Internet]. 2009 [acesso 14 fev 2023];9(18):3308-16. DOI: 10.3923/jas.2009.3308.3316 https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2009.3308.33...	Iran	Four factors	Not performed	α=0.89	Not performed
Espinoza Venegas, Sanhueza Alvarado, Barriga; 2011 ²⁰20. Espinoza Venegas M, Sanhueza Alvarado O, Barriga O. Validation of Collett-Lester’s fear of death scale in a sample of nursing students. Rev Latinoam Enferm [Internet]. 2011 [acesso 14 fev 2023];19(5):1171-80. DOI: 10.1590/S0104-11692011000500015 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-1169201100...	Chile	Five factors	Not performed	α=0.91	Behavior towards death scale p <0.001
Buccella Sifontes, Moreira, Fernández Urrea; 2012 ²¹21. Buccella Sifontes S, Moreira RB, Fernández Urrea D. Validación de la versión española de la escala de miedo a la muerte de Collett-Lester en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Carabobo. Inf Méd [Internet]. 2012 [acesso 14 fev 2023];14(1):47-54. Disponível: https://bit.ly/3KfRudq https://bit.ly/3KfRudq...	Venezuela	Not performed	Not performed	α=0.89	Not performed
Quintero, Simkin; 2017 ²²22. Quintero S, Simkin H. Validación de la escala de miedo a la muerte abreviada al contexto argentino. Psocial [Internet]. 2017 [acesso 14 fev 2023];3(1):53-9. Disponível: https://bit.ly/3ZhwgAt https://bit.ly/3ZhwgAt...	Argentina	Two factors	Not performed	α=0.73	Not performed
Bužgová, Janíková; 2019 ²³23. Bužgová R, Janíková E. Czech adaptation of the Collett-Lester fear of death scale in a sample of nursing students. Omega [Internet]. 2019 [acesso 14 fev 2023];80(1):20-34. DOI: 10.1177/0030222817725183 https://doi.org/10.1177/0030222817725183...	Czech Republic	Four factors	Not performed	α=0.914	Not performed

Variable	Factor 3	Factor 4	Factor 2	Factor 1	Communalities
1. The loneliness caused by your death	-0.220	0.262	0.226	0.632	0.675
2. The shortness of life	0.120	-0.028	-0.050	0.933	0.890
3. Missing out on so much after you die	0.132	-0.090	0.210	0.550	0.533
4. Dying young	0.075	0.046	-0.016	0.761	0.644
5. How it will feel to be dead	-0.328	0.131	0.629	0.301	0.598
7. The disintegration of your body after you die	-0.235	0.020	0.880	0.078	0.702
8. The physical degeneration involved	-0.189	-0.037	0.929	-0.036	0.658
9. The pain involved in dying	0.016	0.022	0.720	0.083	0.630
10. The intellectual degeneration of old age	0.247	-0.065	0.565	-0.047	0.437
11. That your abilities will be limited as you lay dying	0.144	0.035	0.660	0.040	0.627
12. The uncertainty as to how bravely you will face the process of dying	0.076	0.004	0.897	-0.147	0.735
13. Your lack of control over the process of dying	0.194	-0.102	0.763	-0.008	0.675
14. The possibility of dying in a hospital, far from family and friends	0.265	0.016	0.704	-0.207	0.597
15. Losing someone close to you	0.714	0.220	-0.004	-0.082	0.720
17. Never being able to communicate with the person again	0.638	0.172	-0.103	0.170	0.624
18. Regret over not being nicer to the person when he or she was alive	0.826	0.040	-0.082	0.070	0.707
19. Growing old alone, without the person	0.697	0.067	0.248	-0.115	0.726
21. Feeling lonely without the person	0.618	0.174	0.034	0.043	0.619
22. Having to be with someone who is dying	-0.143	0.914	0.058	0.043	0.619
23. Having the person want to talk about death with you	-0.119	0.945	0.003	0.033	0.748
24. Watching the person suffer from pain	0.176	0.826	-0.183	0.045	0.774
25. Seeing the physical degeneration of the person’s body	-0.181	0.831	0.128	0.066	0.792
26. Not knowing what to do about your grief at losing the person when you are with him or her	0.140	0.756	0.148	-0.145	0.653
27. Watching the degeneration of the person’s mental abilities	0.278	0.793	-0.132	-0.092	0.077

Total scale and its factors	Cronbach’s α	Orion
Total scale	0.951	0.951
Factor 1	0.919	0.919
Factor 2	0.954	0.954
Factor 3	0.945	0.945
Factor 4	0.928	0.928

Correlation	r	p
Factor 1×SWBS	0.10	0.004
Factor 2× SWBS	0.97	0.347
Factor 3× SWBS	0.36	0.035
Factor 4× SWBS	0.59	0.046
Total factor× SWBS	0.61	0.000

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E-mail: bioetica@portalmedico.org.br

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[1] Correspondence: Ana Maria Garcia Andrade – Rua Três, 120, Condomínio Bela Villa CEP 37553-803. Pouso Alegre/MG, Brasil.