Evaluation of seedling cultivation and irrigation regimes on yield and yield components in rice plant

Semeskandi, M. Nikzad; Mazloom, P.; Arabzadeh, B.; Moghadam, M. N.; Ahmadi, T.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.266261

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 84 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.266261 copy

Evaluation of seedling cultivation and irrigation regimes on yield and yield components in rice plant

Avaliação do cultivo de mudas e regimes de irrigação sobre o rendimento e os componentes do rendimento em planta de arroz

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

A split-plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two cropping years at Mazandaran Rice Research Institute to study cultivation and irrigation regimes. The main factor is three-level irrigation regimes, permanent irrigation throughout the day (T1), irrigation two days after water disappears from the soil (T2) and permanent soil saturation (T3) the second factor is three-level cultivation methods., Plowless cultivation (W1), stack 60 cm (W2), and stack 80 cm (W3). Based on the results obtained from the combined analysis, the effect of the year was significant in terms of rainfall, productivity 2, number of tillers, number of empty grains, 1000-grain weight, percentage of the crushed grain, and white rice yield. The effect of the main factor was significant for all traits except productivity 1 and plant height. Based on the results of comparing the mean effect of year × treatment, four treatments, without plowing with permanent irrigation throughout the day in the first and second year of the experiment, cultivation without plowing with irrigation two days after water disappears from the soil in the second year of experiment and cultivation without Plowing with permanent saturated irrigation in the first and second years of the experiment was identified in terms of grain yield as suitable planting methods with appropriate irrigation regimes. Based on the results obtained from the polygon view in different years of the experiment, T3W1, T3W2, and T1W1 treatments can be suggested as desirable treatments in terms of irrigation regimes and cultivation methods in this rice cultivar. According to the ranking diagram of treatments based on traits in the years of experimentation, T1W1, T2W2 and T1W3 were introduced as the most desirable treatments for cultivating this rice cultivar.

Keywords:
rice; graphic analysis; cultivation methods; irrigation regimes; correlation

Treat Code.	Treatment	Traits Code.	Traits
T1	Permanent irrigation throughout the period	YLD	GraYIELDYield
T2	Irrigation after two days of water disappearing from the ground	CW	Consuming Water
T3	Permanent soil saturation throughout the growing season	RF	Rainfall
W1	Cultivation without plowing	PR1	Productivity 1
W2	Ridge Size 60cm	PR2	Productivity 2
W3	Ridge Size 80cm	NT	Number of Tiller
T1W1	Permanent irrigation throughout the period and Cultivation without plowing	PH	Plant Height
T1W2	Permanent irrigation throughout the period and Ridge Size 60cm	SL	Spike Length
T1W3	Permanent irrigation throughout the period and Ridge Size 80cm	NFS	Number of full Seeds
T2W1	Irrigation after two days of water disappearing from the ground and Cultivation without plowing	NES	Number of empty Seeds
T2W2	Irrigation after two days of water disappearing from the ground and Ridge Size 60cm	WTS	Weight of 1000 Seeds
T2W3	Irrigation after two days of water disappearing from the ground and Ridge Size 80cm	HI	Harvest Index
T3W1	Permanent soil saturation throughout the growing season and Cultivation without plowing	PCS	Percentage of Crushed Seeds
T3W2	Permanent soil saturation throughout the growing season and Ridge Size 60cm	WHS	Weight of 100 Seeds
T3W3	Permanent soil saturation throughout the growing season and Ridge Size 80cm	WRY	White Rice Yield
Y1	The first year of experiment
Y2	The second year of the experiment

S.O.V	Df	YLD	CW	RF	PR1	PR2	NT	PH	SL	NFS	NES	WTS	HI	PCS	WHS	WRY
Year	1	26268.1^ns	9733.8^ns	96.36*	0.00002^ns	0.0001*	18.25**	1.85^ns	0.007^ns	728.2^ns	0.11*	0.13*	0.0003^ns	0.001*	0.001^ns	11791*
Block	2	8910342.2**	22097933.8**	2265.42**	0.07^ns	0.03*	0.47^ns	13.6*	0.18^ns	699.1^ns	0.03^ns	1.22^ns	0.0007^ns	0.93^ns	0.002^ns	399985*
Irrigation	2	31495.5*	52278.2*	3665.36*	0.004^ns	0.003*	8.21**	5.57^ns	2.75**	862.03*	38.7**	8.9**	0.007**	16.1**	0.001*	14138*
Year × Irri	2	351.5*	56519.9^ns	5469.2*	0.001^ns	0.0007*	0.23^ns	0.79^ns	0.4^ns	745.5*	0.86*	0.06^ns	0.0004*	1.05*	0.004^ns	157.7*
Error1	4	92851.9	32865.7	2364.1	0.002	0.001	0.77	3.62	0.37	701.7	1.5	0.97	0.0004	1.37	0.0003	41681.2
Planting	2	1084856.6**	6783483.8**	12642.1**	0.06*	0.03*	22.6**	301.2*	2.03**	616.5^ns	10.6**	0.06*	0.0007^ns	48.2**	0.003*	486992*
Year × Plant	2	0.41^ns	35517.1*	45365.1*	0.0002*	0.001^ns	0.001*	5.12*	0.61*	247.9^ns	2.99**	0.18*	0.0001^ns	0.02*	0.001^ns	7650.6*
Irrigaton × Planting	4	37914.3*	16013.6*	1215.3*	0.001*	0.001^ns	5.25**	16.9*	0.39*	205.7*	6.14**	1.89*	0.001*	6.005*	0.008*	17019*
Error 2	30	42053.3	47597.3	41232.2	0.002	0.0001	0.59	3.8	0.25	314.2	0.58	0.83	0.0003	0.67	0.0008	18877.7
CV%	-	3.2	3.44	3.08	4.63	4.46	2.91	1.99	1.79	17.5	1.83	3.49	3.7	7.3	1.59	2.23

Irrigation	YLD	CW	RF	PR1	PR2	NT	PH	SL	NFS	NES	WTS	HI	PCS	WHS	WRY
T1	6370.3^a	6276.6^b	7016.6^b	1.02^a	0.91^a	27.1^a	98.2^a	28.01^b	92.9^b	39.9^b	25.3^b	0.51^a	10.2^b	1.88^a	4268.09^a
T2	6337.4^a	6351.9^a	7091.9^a	1.008^a	0.9^a	26.2^b	97.7^b	27.9^b	104.9^a	42.7^a	36.7^a	0.52^a	12.12^a	1.87^a	4246.09^a
T3	6287.2^b	6381.1^a	7121.1^a	0.99^b	0.88^b	25.8^b	97.1^b	28.6^a	104.8^a	42.15^a	26.2^a	0.48^b	11.14^ab	1.87^a	4212.4^b
LSD	282.1	167.7	167.7	0.04	0.03	0.81	1.7	0.56	24.5	1.13	0.91	0.01	1.06	0.01	188.9
Planting
W1	6556.9a	6950a	7690a	0.94c	0.85b	25.3c	102.2a	28.2ab	107.2a	42.4a	26.1a	0.51a	10.2b	1.89a	4393.1a
W2	6368a	6337.5b	7077b	1.01b	0.9a	27.5a	96.6b	28.5a	99.7a	40.9b	26.1a	0.5a	10.2b	1.87a	4266.5a
W3	6070b	5722.2c	6462c	1.06a	0.94a	26.3b	94.3c	27.8b	95.7b	41.4ab	26a	0.5a	13.05a	1.86b	4066.9b
LSD	282.01	167.7	167.7	0.04	0.03	0.81	1.7	0.56	24.5	1.13	0.91	0.01	1.06	0.01	188.9

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[1] *e-mail: P_mazloom@iauc.ac.ir