<i>In vivo</i> analysis the effect of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs), Oxytetracycline di-hydrate and Tylosin phosphate on the intestinal microflora in broiler chicken

Shah, S. H.; Sheikh, I. S.; Kakar, N.; Sumaira,; Afzal, S.; Mehmood, K.; Rehman, H. U.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.258114

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 84 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.258114 copy

In vivo analysis the effect of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs), Oxytetracycline di-hydrate and Tylosin phosphate on the intestinal microflora in broiler chicken

Análise in vivo do efeito de antibióticos promotores de crescimento (AGPs), di-hidrato de oxitetraciclina e fosfato de tilosina na microflora intestinal em frangos de corte

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The study was aimed to analyse the effects of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs), Oxytetracycline di-hydrate and Tylosin phosphate on the intestinal microflora in broiler chicken. The AGPs were provided in different concentrations solely or in combinations for 42 days of rearing. Faecal samples were collected from the intestine (duodenum, jejunum and caeca) of broiler chicken on 14^th, 28^th and 42^nd days of trial. Samples were cultured on different selective medium and bacterial identification was performed by different biochemical and molecular diagnostic tools. Results showed a significant effect of AGPs on the growth of pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens in the intestine. Interestingly, an impaired growth was observed for both bacterium showing a significant effect (P<0.05) of AGPs on E. coli and C. perfringens on day 14^th, 28^th, and 42^nd. This effect was observed solely and in combination while using AGPs. Data further showed that the effect was more prominent in combination and with an increase concentration of AGPs. Remarkably, no impairment was seen on the growth of L. reuteri at different sites of intestine and duration (14^th, 28^th, and 42^nd days). The results showed that the use of AGPs in diet has no harmful effect on beneficial bacteria, however, an impaired growth was seen on the harmful bacteria. It is suggested that a combination of AGPs (OXY-1.0+TP-0.5) is economical and have no harmful effect on the broiler chicken. The use of AGPs in a recommended dose and for a specific period of time are safe to use in poultry both as growth promoter and for the prevention of diseases.

Keywords:
antibiotic growth promoter (AGPs); E. coli; C. perfringens; L. reuteri; broiler chicken

s.no	Groups	Treatments	Dose (mg/kg of feed)
1	Control	Basal diet	Without AGPs
2	OXY-0+TP-0.5	Tylosin Phosphate	50 mg/kg
3	OXY-0+TP-1.0	Tylosin Phosphate	100 mg/kg
4	OXY-1.0+TP-0	Oxytetracycline Di-hydrate	100 mg/kg
5	OXY-1.0+TP-0.5	Oxytetracycline Di-hydrate + Tylosin Phosphate	100 + 50 mg/kg
6	OXY-1.0+TP-1.0	Oxytetracycline Di-hydrate +Tylosin Phosphate	100 + 50 mg/kg
7	OXY-2.0+TP-0	Oxytetracycline Di-hydrate	200 mg/kg
8	OXY-2.0+TP-0.5	Oxytetracycline Di-hydrate + Tylosin Phosphate	200 + 50 mg/kg
9	OXY-2.0+TP-1.0	Oxytetracycline Di-hydrate + Tylosin Phosphate	200 + 100 mg/kg

	14^th day			28^th day			42^nd day
Treatments	Duodenum	Jejunum	Caeca	Duodenum	Jejunum	Caeca	Duodenum	Jejunum	Caeca
Control	8.48±0.02	7.45±0.10	7.27±0.08	8.71±0.10	7.66±0.12	7.85±0.17	8.92±0.03	8.13±0.14	8.21±0.21
OXY-1.0+TP-0	7.74±0.37	7.65±0.03	7.24±0.06	8.03±0.50	7.49±0.04	7.22±0.06	7.66±0.58	7.35±0.06	7.26±0.12
OXY-0+TP-0.5	8.78±0.01	7.75±0.04	7.63±0.10	8.64±0.01	7.57±0.05	7.34±0.03	8.51±0.02	7.46±0.04	7.19±0.02
OXY-1.0+TP-0.5	8.75±0.07	7.58±0.12	7.45±0.07	8.51±0.04	7.61±0.04	7.27±0.02	8.18±0.08	7.52±0.05	7.21±0.04
OXY-2.0+TP-0	8.68±0.06	7.69±0.05	7.68±0.14	8.56±0.06	7.54±0.05	7.42±0.08	8.44±0.07	7.48±0.07	7.25±0.01
OXY-0+TP-1.0	8.74±0.04	7.72±0.10	7.43±0.06	8.61±0.03	7.56±0.11	7.29±0.04	8.38±0.09	7.57±0.14	7.25±0.07
OXY-2.0+TP-1.0	8.65±0.04	7.59±0.12	7.50±0.04	8.48±0.01	7.53±0.05	7.32±0.06	8.19±0.04	7.53±0.11	7.38±0.07
OXY-2.0+TP-0.5	8.70±0.05	7.55±0.07	7.58±0.06	8.52±0.05	7.51±0.05	7.35±0.07	8.32±0.08	7.46±0.09	7.23±0.04
OXY-1.0+TP-1.0	8.72±0.05	7.57±0.03	7.50±0.09	8.46±0.06	7.54±0.01	7.31±0.07	8.22±0.06	7.39±0.05	7.30±0.07

	14^th day			28^th day			42^nd day
Treatments	Duodenum	Jejunum	Caeca	Duodenum	Jejunum	Caeca	Duodenum	Jejunum	Caeca
Control	5.21±0.02	5.56±0.02	6.63±0.03	6.11±0.03	6.03±0.03	7.28±0.03	7.48±0.03	7.13±0.02	7.60±0.03
OXY-1.0+TP-0	4.50±0.07	5.28±0.02	6.31±0.02	3.99±0.23	5.19±0.03	6.13±0.04	4.77±0.04	4.92±0.03	5.79±0.02
OXY-0+TP-0.5	4.51±0.19	5.04±0.05	5.88±0.02	4.26±0.13	4.93±0.02	5.72±0.02	4.59±0.02	4.86±0.04	5.58±0.03
OXY-1.0+TP-0.5	3.48±0.27	4.72±0.02	4.82±0.03	3.35±0.16	4.68±0.04	4.73±0.02	3.31±0.13	4.34±0.03	4.34±0.57
OXY-2.0+TP-0	4.09±0.03	4.87±0.02	5.33±0.02	3.90±0.02	4.79±0.03	5.26±0.03	3.74±0.03	4.62±0.03	5.08±0.03
OXY-0+TP-1.0	4.27±0.02	4.88±0.02	5.47±0.03	3.89±0.04	4.76±0.03	5.37±0.03	3.81±0.03	4.53±0.03	4.88±0.04
OXY-2.0+TP-1.0	3.10±0.06	4.45±0.14	4.22±0.03	2.78±0.21	3.85±0.14	3.87±0.07	2.28±0.30	3.41±0.08	3.35±0.10
OXY-2.0+TP-0.5	3.23±0.17	4.53±0.03	4.49±0.14	3.15±0.10	4.37±0.03	4.15±0.04	2.74±0.19	4.11±0.05	3.38±0.11
OXY-1.0+TP-0.5	3.32±0.12	4.69±0.10	4.68±0.09	3.30±0.11	4.14±0.14	3.91±0.12	3.26±0.08	3.68±0.13	3.88±0.06

	14^th day			28^th day			42^nd day
Treatments	Duodenum	Jejunum	Caeca	Duodenum	Jejunum	Caeca	Duodenum	Jejunum	Caeca
Control	7.97±0.35	8.49±0.15	9.76±0.05	8.23±0.17	8.57±0.03	9.94±0.03	8.48±0.31	8.91±0.18	10.83±0.03
OXY-1.0+TP-0	7.08±0.61	7.72±0.20	9.07±0.30	6.66±0.29	7.30±0.35	8.55±0.50	6.05±0.02	6.69±0.09	8.45±0.14
OXY-0+TP-0.5	7.14±0.20	7.61±0.20	9.00±0.23	6.66±0.23	7.29±0.27	8.97±0.16	6.13±0.02	6.47±0.03	8.31±0.65
OXY-1.0+TP-0.5	6.25±0.44	6.54±0.49	7.93±0.24	5.27±0.22	6.28±0.30	7.40±0.60	4.84±0.33	5.93±0.33	6.48±0.02
OXY-2.0+TP-0	7.18±0.02	7.16±0.02	8.58±0.04	6.43±0.30	7.04±0.15	8.59±0.19	5.56±0.05	6.37±0.46	8.02±0.37
OXY-0+TP-1.0	7.19±0.48	7.06±0.02	8.84±0.03	6.10±0.18	7.10±0.04	8.63±0.20	5.78±0.06	6.26±0.25	7.82±0.38
OXY-2.0+TP-1.0	5.72±0.25	6.05±0.25	7.49±0.03	5.09±0.29	6.08±0.04	7.22±0.07	4.64±0.11	4.93±0.45	6.34±0.19
OXY-2.0+TP-0.5	5.89±0.24	6.26±0.25	7.67±0.03	5.19±0.29	6.18±0.04	7.34±0.06	4.65±0.11	5.24±0.30	6.35±0.19
OXY-1.0+TP-0.5	5.79±0.21	6.09±0.26	7.55±0.05	5.09±0.29	6.08±0.04	7.23±0.07	4.76±0.11	5.34±0.30	6.45±0.19

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