Assessment of aquatic macro-invertebrates communities and water quality parameters of River Zhob, Balochistan, Pakistan

Karim, A.; Hafeeza, B.; Riaz, S.; Khwaja, S.; Shahzad, M. M.; Akhter, A.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.265234

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 84 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.265234 copy

Assessment of aquatic macro-invertebrates communities and water quality parameters of River Zhob, Balochistan, Pakistan

Avaliação das comunidades de macroinvertebrados aquáticos e parâmetros de qualidade da água do rio Zhob, Baluchistão, Paquistão

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Environmental stress caused by pollution is often assessed by diversity of macro-invertebrate species in specific aquatic habitat. To find out seasonal fluctuations in various macro-invertebrates communities and different water quality parameters of River Zhob, a research trial was conducted on River Zhob, Balochistan. Samples of macro-invertebrates and water were taken from four different stations of River Zhob. A total 18 taxa of various macro-invertebrates were identified from the area. Phylum Arthropoda constitute 94.8% of the total population followed by Mollusca (3.6%) and Annelida (1.4%). A large number of arthropods were belonged to order Diptera (1148), while the order Trichoptera was stood second with respect to macro-invertebrate´s number (441). The maximum numbers of macro-invertebrates were observed in the month of January. All physico-chemical parameters of River Zhob such as air temperature, water temp, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were within the range, suitable for the healthy growth of macro-invertebrates. Diversified populations of various macro-invertebrates confirm good ecological condition of environment and water in the studied site especially ample concentration of DO in River. The documented data on macro-invertebrates in studied site will provide a baseline for future research.

Keywords:
macro-invertebrates; physico-chemical parameters; River Zhob; Balochistan

Phylum	Class/Sub-classes/Order	Sub-order/ Family/Sub-family	Oct					Nov					Dec
			Stations				Total	Stations				Total	Stations				Total
			1	2	3	4	Total	1	2	3	4	Total	1	2	3	4	Total
Arthropoda	Diptera	Blephariceridae	15	8	12	0	35	0	6	5	20	31	5	17	0	0	22
		Chironomidae	0	49	8	17	74	19	0	0	3	22	23	28	18	40	109
		Simulidae	12	19	0	0	31	0	3	0	0	3	0	8	0	0	8
	Trichoptera	Limnephilidae	12	57	0	1	70	60	3	12	0	75	0	0	80	0	80
	Trichoptera	Philopotamidae	1	0	12	1	14	5	0	12	40	57	0	0	1	1	2
	Odonta	Aniosptera	0	1	0	6	7	0	1	0	0	1	2	1	18	0	21
	Plecoptera	Nemoridae	0	1	2	5	8	0	1	0	1	2	0	1	6	0	7
		capniidae	2	1	1	6	10	1	0	0	2	3	0	0	0	0	0
		Perilidae	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	2	1	0	0	2	3
		Perilodidae	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Epemeroptera	Heptageniidae	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Coleoptera	Halipilidae	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	2	2	0	1	1	4
	Hemiptera	Belostomatidae	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Arachnida	pionidae	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1
	Total		43	136	36	36	251	86	16	30	67	199	34	55	124	44	257
Mollusca	Gastropoda	Viviparadae	5	2	0	2	9	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1
	Bivalvia	Unionidae	1	6	0	0	7	0	3	0	0	3	5	4	1	1	11
	Total		6	8	0	2	16	0	3	0	0	3	6	4	1	1	12
Annelida	Oligochaeta	Monoligastridae	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1
	Hirudinae	Hirudidae	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Total		0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1

Phylum	Class/Sub-classes/Order	Sub-order/Family/Sub-family	Jan					Feb					Mar
			Stations				Total	Stations				Total	Stations				Total
			1	2	3	4	Total	1	2	3	4	Total	1	2	3	4	Total
Arthropoda	Diptera	Blephariceridae	30	28	48	18	124	17	0	0	80	97	3	0	0	40	43
		Chironomidae	55	40	50	60	205	0	29	45	13	87	2	22	25	0	49
		Simulidae	18	2	0	103	123	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	40	44	84
	Trichoptera	Limnephilidae	0	19	2	0	21	0	0	1	48	49	18	0	1	1	20
	Trichoptera	Philopotamidae	0	0	1	0	1	2	18	1	0	21	25	6	0	0	31
	Odonta	Aniosptera	55	17	3	15	90	1	1	1	5	8	0	5	1	15	21
	Plecoptera	Nemoridae	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1
		capniidae	0	7	0	2	9	5	6	0	0	11	1	2	0	0	3
		Perilidae	6	3	8	2	19	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
		Perilodidae	0	0	3	0	3	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
	Epemeroptera	Heptageniidae	2	0	0	6	8	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Coleoptera	Halipilidae	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Hemiptera	Belostomatidae	1	0	1	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Arachnida	pionidae	0	0	0	2	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Total		167	116	116	210	609	25	56	48	147	276	50	35	67	101	253
Mollusca	Gastropoda	Viviparadae	3	0	0	28	31	4	0	0	1	5	0	0	0	0	0
	Bivalvia	Unionidae	0	0	1	0	1	2	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	2	2
	Total		3	0	1	28	32	6	0	0	1	7	0	0	0	2	2
Annelida	Oligochaeta	Monoligastridae	1	6	2	5	14	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	1
	Hirudinae	Hirudidae	1	0	5	0	6	0	0	0	4	4	0	0	0	0	0
	Total		2	6	7	5	20	1	0	0	4	5	0	0	1	0	1

Month	Station				Total
Month	1	2	3	4	Total
Oct	49	144	37	38	268
Nov	86	19	31	67	203
Dec	41	59	125	45	270
Jan	172	122	123	243	661
Feb	32	56	48	152	288
Mar	50	35	68	103	256
Total	430	435	432	648	1946

Phylum	Class/Sub-class /Order	Number	Total Numbers	Percentage (%)	Phylum Percentage (%)
Arthropoda	Diptera	1148	1845	58.9	94.8
	Trichoptera	441		22.6
	Odonta	148		7.6
	Plecoptera	86		4.4
	Emeroptera	8		0.4
	Coleopteran	7		0.3
	Hemiptera	3		0.1
	Arachnida	4		0.2
Mollusca	Gastropoda	46	72	2.3	3.6
Mollusca	Bivalvia	26	72	1.3	3.6
Annelida	Oligocheata	19	29	0.9	1.4
Annelida	Hirudinae	10	29	0.5	1.4
	Total	1946	1946	100	100

Phylum	Class/Sub-class/Order	Oct	Nov	Dec	Jan	Feb	Mar	Total
Arthropoda	Dipetera	140	56	139	452	185	176	1148
	Trichoptera	84	132	82	22	70	51	441
	Odonata	7	1	21	90	8	21	148
	Plecoptera	19	7	10	32	13	5	86
	Emeroptera	0	0	0	8	0	0	8
	Coleoptera	1	2	4	0	0	0	7
	Hemiptera	0	0	0	3	0	0	3
	Arachnida	0	1	1	2	0	0	4
	Total	251	199	257	609	276	253	1845
Mollusca	Gastropoda	9	0	1	31	5	0	46
	Bivalvia	7	3	11	1	2	2	26
	Total	16	3	12	32	7	2	72
Annelida	Oligocheata	1	1	1	14	1	1	19
	Hirudinae	0	0	0	6	4	0	10
	Total	1	1	1	20	5	1	29

Phylum	Class/Sub-class/Order	Months						Total Percentage (%)
Phylum	Class/Sub-class/Order	Oct	Nov	Dec	Jan	Feb	Mar	Total Percentage (%)
Arthropoda	Dipetera	12.4	4.8	12.1	39.3	16.1	15.3	100
	Trichoptera	19.9	29.9	18.5	4.9	15.8	11.5	100
	Odonta	4.7	0.6	14.1	60.8	5.4	14.1	100
	Plecoptera	22.1	8.1	11.6	37.2	15.1	5.81	100
	Emeroptera	0	0	0	100	0	0	100
	Coleoptera	14.2	28.5	57.1	0	0	0	100
	Hemiptera	0	0	0	100	0	0	100
	Arachnida	0	25	25	50	0	0	100
Mollusca	Gastropoda	19.5	0	2.1	67.3	10.8	0	100
Mollusca	Bivalvia	26.9	11.5	42.3	3.8	7.6	7.6	100
Annelida	Oligocheata	5.2	5.2	5.2	73.6	5.2	5.2	100
Annelida	Hirudinea	0	0	0	60	40	0	100

Month	Air Temperature (°C) ± SE*	Water Temperature (°C) ± SE	pH ± SE	DO (ppm) ± SE	TDS (ppm) ± SE
Oct	23.6 ±0.30	20.7 ±0.3	7.8 ±o.17	6.8 ±0.2	322.7 ±10.7
Nov	18.3 ±0.37	16.2 ±0.5	8.1 ±0.15	7.3 ±0.1	341.4 ±8.8
Dec	13.7 ±0.77	11.1 ±1.0	8.0 ±0.12	7.8 ±0.1	385.1 ±7.0
Jan	12.4 ±0.62	9.7 ±0.8	7.9 ±0.06	8.6 ±0.4	183.6 ±4.4
Feb	17.3 ±0.72	14.4 ±0.8	8.0 ±0.18	7.2 ±0.3	222.6 ±4.7
Mar	18.4 ±0.61	15.4 ±0.6	7.8 ±0.21	7.2 ±0.2	270.9 ±3.1

Water quality parameters	October	November	December	January	February	March
Air Temperature	23.6 ^A^* * The different alphabets in a row denote significant values.	18.3 ^B	13.7 ^C	12.4 ^C	17.3 ^B	18.4 ^B
pH	7.8 ^A	8.1 ^A	8.0 ^A	7.9 ^A	8.0 ^A	7.8 ^A
TDS	322.7 ^C	341.4 ^B	385.1 ^A	183.6 ^F	222.6 ^E	270.9 ^D
Water Temperature	20.7 ^A	16.2 ^B	11.1 ^D	9.7 ^E	14.4 ^C	15.4 ^BC
DO	6.8 ^D	7.3 ^C	7.8 ^B	8.6 ^A	7.2 ^C	7.2 ^C

Water quality parameters	r (%)	r² (%)	F^ F; ANOVA coefficient.	P^* ***** P; Probability.
Air Temp X Months	81.15	80.10	77.49	^* * Significant. 0.000
pH X Months	6.60	1.41	1.27	0.283
TDS X Months	99.20	99.15	2228.47	*0.000
Water Temp X Months	80.50	79.41	74.30	*0.000
DO X Months	52.03	49.37	19.52	*0.000

Variables	Air Temp	pH	TDS	Water Temp
pH	-0.08 (0.432)
TDS	0.23 (^* * Significant. 0.019)	0.06 (0.534)
Water Temp	0.98 (*0.000)	-0.06 (0.541)	0.277 (*0.006)
DO	-0.70 (*0.000)	0.07 (0.474)	-0.30 (*0.003)	-0.69 (*0.000)

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