Antifungal activity of essential oils of tea tree, oregano, thyme, and cinnamon, and their components

Abstract

Phytopathogenic fungi are responsible for sizeable postharvest food losses. The traditional form of controlling these fungi is related to synthetic antifungals. However, the emergence of resistant strains and their high cost, among other problems, encourage the scientific community to seek alternatives in natural substances at a lower cost. In this scenario, a group that stands out among these natural substances is essential oils. Essential oils are naturally volatile and aromatic compounds derived from plants. These compounds have bactericidal, virucidal, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifungal properties. This review presents the essential oils of tea tree, oregano, thyme, and cinnamon and their main components identified as responsible for their antifungal activity.

Keywords:
natural; volatile; postharvest; GRAS; bioactive; pesticide; rot; aromatic; synthetic

Highlights

Interest in natural substances to replace conventional antifungals is growing

Essential oils are potential substitutes for conventional antifungals

Mechanism of action: perforate cell wall, disrupt hyphae, and liquefy cell membranes