Association between top-down skills and auditory processing
               tests

Murphy, Cristina Ferraz Borges; La Torre, Renata; Schochat, Eliane

doi:10.5935/1808-8694.20130137

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Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

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Original Articles • Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 79 (6) • Nov-Dec 2013 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1808-8694.20130137 copy

Association between top-down skills and auditory processing tests

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Today, we are questioning how top-down skills may interfere with performance on auditory processing tests.

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the existence of a possible association between memory, attention and language skills in auditory processing tests in "normal" development children.

METHOD:

Twenty children (ages 7 to 9 years), without complaints related to verbal and/or written language skills; without overt neurological or psychological involvement or delayed psychomotor development. We employed Hearing and auditory Processing Assessment tests in addition to psychophysical tests (visual and auditory attention tests; memory tests for digits and syllables and phonological awareness tests).

RESULTS:

there was a "very strong" correlation between Frequency Pattern and Memory for Digits Tests; a "strong" correlations between SSW (LE) test and Memory for Syllables, and SSW (LE) test and phonemic tasks.

CONCLUSION:

the Frequency Pattern Test showed a strong correlation with the phonological working memory skill; just as the SSW had with language and memory skills for syllables. It is noteworthy the difficult to clinically interpret the results of each auditory processing test alone, since these may be dependent on skills not necessarily related to the auditory modality, such as memory and language.

attention; auditory perception; hearing tests; language; memory

Coefficient	Correlation
0-0.25	Very weak
0,25-0.50	Weak
0,5-0.75	Moderate
0,75-0.9	Strong
0.9-1	Very Strong

Group
Gender, boys/girls	14/6
Age, years	8.2 ± 0.76
Auditory Processing	OD	OE
PSI (total 10)	8 ± 2.31	7.65 ± 1.22
Speech with Noise (total 25)	17.85 ± 2.66	18.75 ± 2.73
Nonverbal Dichotic (total 12)	9.4 ± 2.74	10 ± 2.94
SSW (total 40)	31 ± 6.22	29 ± 9
Frequency Pattern (total 20)	15.1 ± 4.17
GIN	4.3 ± 0.48
Memory
Digits Span	5.35 ± 1.13
Syllables Span	4.8 ± 1.05
Attention
Visual Attention (total 210)	200.75 ± 11.56
Hearing Attention (total 210)	190.25 ± 11.63
Phonological Awareness
Syllable tasks (total 16)	15.8 ± 0.52
Phonemic tasks (total 16)	7.8 ± 4.74
Rhyme and alliteration (total 8)	7 ± 1.8

		Visual attention	Auditory attention	Digits Span	Syllables Span	Rhyme and Alliteration.	Syllable tasks	Phonemic tasks
	Coefficient	0.321	0.083	0.223	0.244	0.141	-0.061	0.234
PSI_RE	p	0.168	0.727	0.346	0.299	0.553	0.797	0.322
	N	20	20	20	20	20	20	20
	Coefficient	0.122	0.045	0.552	0.558	0.517	0.415	0.416
PSI_LE	p	0.607	0.852	0.012^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.011^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.019^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.069	0.068
	N	20	20	20	20	20	20	20
	Coefficient	0.422	-0.004	0.233	0.129	-0.096	-0.025	0.266
FR_RE	p	0.064	0.986	0.322	0.587	0.687	0.918	0.258
	N	20	20	20	20	20	20	20
	Coefficient	0.296	0.017	0.306	0.117	0.122	-0.026	0.297
FR_LE	p	0.204	0.943	0.189	0.623	0.607	0.913	0.204
	N	20	20	20	20	20	20	20
	Coefficient	0.448	0.549	0.589	0.492	0.412	0.262	0.490
DNV_RE	p	0.048^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.012^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.006^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.027^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.071	0.264	0.028^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.
	N	20	20	20	20	20	20	20
	Coefficient	0.435	0.578	0.736	0.546	0.479	0.500	0.648
DNV_LE	p	0.055	0.008^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.000^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.013^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.032^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.025^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.002^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.
	N	20	20	20	20	20	20	20
	Coefficient	0.574	0.451	0.739	0.612	0.505	0.327	0.680
SSW_RE	p	0.008^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.046^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.000^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.004^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.023^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.159	0.001^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.
	N	20	20	20	20	20	20	20
	Coefficient	0.379	0.298	0.652	0.805	0.533	0.511	0.865
SSW_LE	p	0.100	0.202	0.002^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.000^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.016^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.021^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.000^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.
	N	20	20	20	20	20	20	20
	Coefficient	0.516	0.205	0.929	0.705	0.489	0.253	0.635
FP	p	0.049^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.464	0.000^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.003^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.	0.065	0.363	0.011^* PSI: Pediatric Speech Intelligibility; SN: Speech in Noise; DNV: Dichotic nonverbal; SSW: Staggered Spondaic Word; FP: Frequency Pattern; GIN: Gap in Noise; p: Significant value; N: Number of participants; RE: Right ear, LE: Left ear; * Significant.
	N	15	15	15	15	15	15	15
	Coefficient	0.022	0.201	0.346	-0.047	0.049	0.284	0.159
GIN	p	0.942	0.511	0.247	0.879	0.873	0.347	0.605
	N	13	13	13	13	13	13	13

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[1] Send correspondence to: Cristina Ferraz Borges Murphy. Al. América, nº 101, Torre Atmosfere, apto 73. Santana de Parnaíba - SP. CEP: 06543-315