Factors influencing the quality of life of children with cochlear implants

Silva, Joice de Moura; Yamada, Midori Otake; Guedes, Elida Garbo; Moret, Adriane Lima Mortari

doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.01.004

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Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

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Sumário

Original articles • Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. 86 (4) • Jul-Aug 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.01.004 copy

Factors influencing the quality of life of children with cochlear implants^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Silva JM, Yamada MO, Guedes EG, Moret AL. Factors influencing the quality of life of children with cochlear implants. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;86:411–8. ,^☆☆ ☆☆ Peer Review under the responsibility of Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Introduction

The multidimensional impact of hearing loss on the various demands of life in children using cochlear implants is represented by variables that can influence the hearing, language and quality of life outcomes of this population.

Objective

To evaluate the factors influencing the quality of life of children with cochlear implantation, considering age, hearing age, age at evaluation, hearing skills, spoken language, family degree of receptiveness, schooling and socioeconomic status of the parents.

Methods

Participated 30 children using cochlear implants, aged 6 to 12 years and their respective parents. The children were evaluated by the categories auditory performance, by language category, and by the children with cochlear implants: perspectives parents questionnaire. Parents were assessed by the family involvement scale.

Results

The cochlear implant impacted the quality of life of the children, with more significant results on the increase of the social relations domain and the decrease of the family support domain. Overall, the increase of the age in the evaluation, better hearing and language skills, the mother's level of schooling and the family receptiveness correlated with the quality of life of children with cochlear implants.

Conclusion

The influencing factors that correlated with the quality of life of the implanted children were the child's older age at the evaluation, the better hearing and language skills, the mother's level of schooling and the family receptiveness.

Keywords
Quality of life; Child; Cochlear implant

Description	M	SD	Min	Max	1^st Quartile	Median	3^rd Quartile
Age at surgery (months)	22.9	7.9	9.0	37.0	17.0	21.5	29.2
Auditory age (months)	88.9	21.8	49.0	126.0	65.5	93.0	105.7
Age at evaluation (months)	114.3	19.5	76.0	143.2	106.0	116.5	126.5

Description	Classification				n		%
Etiology	Congenital				21		70
	Meningitis				3		10
	ICU				2		6.7
	Family history				2		6.7
	Progressive				1		3.3
	Icteric				1		3.3

Socioeconomic status	Lower-low				2		6.7
	Upper-low				11		36.7
	Middle-low				13		43.3
	Middle				1		3.3
	Upper middle				3		10.0

Level of schooling (father)	Incomplete Elementary School				4		14.3
	Complete Elementary School				2		7.1
	Complete High School				6		21.4
	Incomplete College/University				4		14.3
	Complete College/University				12		42.9

Level of schooling (mother)	Incomplete Elementary School				1		3.3
	Complete Elementary School				1		3.3
	Incomplete High School				2		6.7
	Complete High School				11		36.7
	Incomplete College/University				1		3.3
	Complete College/University				14		46.7

	Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP)
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
n	-	-	-	5	4	3	18
%	-	-	-	16.7	13.3	10.0	60.0

	Language Category
	1	2	3	4	5
n	-	1	2	8	19
%	-	3.3	6.7	26.7	63.3

Degree of family receptiveness	Below average	Average	Above average
n	3	13	14
%	10.0	43.3	46.7

	Communication	Functionality	Autonomy	Well-being	Social	Education	Effects of CI
Functionality
Rho	0.592^b b Spearman's correlation coefficient test (p ≤ 0.01).
p	0.001

Autonomy
Rho	0.623^b b Spearman's correlation coefficient test (p ≤ 0.01).	0.452^a a Significant values = p ≤ 0.05.
p	0.000	0.012

Well-being
Rho	0.104	0.346	0.053
p	0.586	0.061	0.782

Social
Rho	0.404^a a Significant values = p ≤ 0.05.	0.075	0.466^b b Spearman's correlation coefficient test (p ≤ 0.01).	0.229
p	0.027	0.692	0.009	0.224

Education
Rho	0.471^b b Spearman's correlation coefficient test (p ≤ 0.01).	0.604^b b Spearman's correlation coefficient test (p ≤ 0.01).	0.594^b b Spearman's correlation coefficient test (p ≤ 0.01).	0.013	0.194
p	0.009	0.000	0.001	0.945	0.305

Effects of CI
Rho	0.207	0.132	0.436^a a Significant values = p ≤ 0.05.	0.085	0.271	0.416^a a Significant values = p ≤ 0.05.
p	0.272	0.486	0.016	0.657	0.148	0.022

Support
Rho	-0.109	0.173	-0.092	0.400^a a Significant values = p ≤ 0.05.	-0.095	0.021	-0.132
p	0.568	0.361	0.630	0.028	0.616	0.911	0.485

Domains	Age at surgery	Auditory age	Age at evaluation	CAP	Language category	Family receptiveness	Paternal level of schooling	Maternal level of schooling	Socioeconomic level
Communication
Rho	-0.113	0.034	-0.032	0.464^b b Spearman's correlation coefficient test (p ≤ 0.01).	0.366^a a Significant values = p ≤ 0.05.	0.426^a a Significant values = p ≤ 0.05.	0.222	0.640^b b Spearman's correlation coefficient test (p ≤ 0.01).	0.259
p	0.552	0.860	0.866	0.010	0.047	0.019	0.257	0.000	0.166

Functionality
Rho	-0.182	0.153	0.108	0.284	0.117	0.052	0.135	0.196	-0.055
p	0.335	0.421	0.570	0.129	0.539	0.785	0.494	0.300	0.774

Autonomy
Rho	-0.134	0.319	0.320	0.266	0.437^a a Significant values = p ≤ 0.05.	0.319	0.063	0.253	0.029
p	0.479	0.086	0.084	0.156	0.016	0.086	0.749	0.178	0.880

Well-being
Rho	-0.139	-0.194	-0.274	0.142	-0.064	-0.045	0.167	0.045	-0.147
p	0.465	0.303	0.142	0.455	0.736	0.815	0.396	0.813	0.437

Social
Rho	-0.010	-0.052	-0.049	0.036	0.260	0.199	0.201	0.460^a a Significant values = p ≤ 0.05.	0.158
p	0.959	0.786	0.797	0.848	0.165	0.291	0.305	0.010	0.404

Education
Rho	-0.073	0.332	0.417^a a Significant values = p ≤ 0.05.	0.442^a a Significant values = p ≤ 0.05.	0.329	0.477^b b Spearman's correlation coefficient test (p ≤ 0.01).	0.087	0.280	0.114
p	0.703	0.073	0.022	0.014	0.076	0.008	0.659	0.134	0.550

Effects of CI
Rho	-0.204	0.113	0.027	0.235	0.299	0.185	-0.227	0.039	-0.141
p	0.280	0.550	0.889	0.210	0.108	0.328	0.245	0.837	0.458

Support
Rho	0.030	-0.169	-0.121	0.108	0.035	0.000	0.030	-0.026	-0.158
p	0.873	0.371	0.526	0.571	0.855	0.999	0.880	0.891	0.404

Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Sede da Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico Facial, Av. Indianópolia, 1287, 04063-002 São Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel.: (0xx11) 5053-7500, Fax: (0xx11) 5053-7512 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revista@aborlccf.org.br

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[1] * Corresponding author. joicemoura@live.com