Neuroprotective potential of the Amazonian fruits <i>Euterpe oleracea</i> Mart. and <i>Paullinia cupana</i> Kunth

Costa, Gabriel Nóbrega da; Queiroz, Letícia Yoshitome; Santos, Isaque Nilton dos; Cimarosti, Helena Iturvides

doi:10.1590/s2175-97902023e22381

Gabriel Nóbrega da Costa

Conceived and designed the review

Data collection

Draft of the manuscript

Contributed equally to this work

Revised and approved the final version of the manuscript

Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil,

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5872-7603

Letícia Yoshitome Queiroz

Conceived and designed the review

Data collection

Draft of the manuscript

Contributed equally to this work

Revised and approved the final version of the manuscript

Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil,

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4221-3544

Isaque Nilton dos Santos

Data collection

Draft of the manuscript

Revised and approved the final version of the manuscript

Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil,

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4771-6420

Helena Iturvides Cimarosti ^**Correspondence: H. I. Cimarosti. Departamento de Farmacologia - CCB Centro de Ciências Biológicas. UFSC - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Campus Universitário Trindade. 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Phone: (48) 3721 4844. E-mail: helena.cimarosti@ufsc.br.

Conceived and designed the review

Critical revision

Revised and approved the final version of the manuscript

Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil,

Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience, Biological Sciences Center, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5336-480X

*Correspondence: H. I. Cimarosti. Departamento de Farmacologia - CCB Centro de Ciências Biológicas. UFSC - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Campus Universitário Trindade. 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Phone: (48) 3721 4844. E-mail: helena.cimarosti@ufsc.br.

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

None.

Model	Presentation	Dosage	Main effects	Reference
Primary astrocytes exposed to Mn	Aqueous extract	0.1 μg/mL	Prevention of oxidative stress and protection against LPO	*da Silva et al., 2014*da Silva VSV, Bisen-Hersh E, Yu Y, Cabral ISR, Nardini V, Culbreth M, et al. Anthocyanin-rich açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) extract attenuates manganese-induced oxidative stress in rat primary astrocyte cultures. J Toxicol Environ Health - A. 2014;77(7):390-404.
DI TNC1 astrocytes exposed to LPS	Lyophilized powder	6.25-50 μg/mL	Regulation of Nrf2/ARE-mediated responses	*Ajiti et al., 2016*Ajit D, Simonyi A, Li R, Chen Z, Hannink M, Fritsche KL, et al. Phytochemicals and botanical extracts regulate NF-κB and Nrf2/ARE reporter activities in DI TNC1 astrocytes. Neurochem Int. 2016;97:49-56.
SH-SY5Y cells exposed to rotenone	Aqueous extract	5 μg/mL	Increased MCI content and activity, through NDUFS7 and NDUFS8 overexpression and decreased ROS and LPO levels	*Machado et al., 2016*Machado AK, Andreazza AC, da Silva TM, Boligon AA, do Nascimento V, Scola G, et al. Neuroprotective effects of açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) against rotenone in vitro exposure. Oxid Med Cell Longevity. 2016;2016(8):1-14.
Oxidation-induced liposome-rich environment	Aqueous extract	1g/50 mL	Cell-membrane protection against free radicals	Vrbovská, Babincová, 2016
BV-2 microglial cells	Pulp	20 g/kg for 7 weeks	Reduction of TNF-α levels	*Carey et al., 2017*Carey AN, Miller MG, Fisher DR, Bielinski DF, Gilman CK, Poulose SM, et al. Dietary supplementation with the polyphenol-rich açaí pulps (Euterpe oleracea Mart. and Euterpe precatoria Mart.) improves cognition in aged rats and attenuates inflammatory signaling in BV-2 microglial cells. Nutr Neurosci. 2017;20(4):238-245.
SH-SY5Y cells exposed to H2O2	Hydroalcoholic extract	50 μg/mL	Cytoprotection (13 - 62%)	*Torma et al.,* 2017**Torma PCMR, Brasil AVS, Carvalho AV, Jablonski A, Rabelo TK, Moreira JCF, et al. Hydroethanolic extracts from different genotypes of açaí (Euterpe oleracea) presented antioxidant potential and protected human neuron-like cells (SH-SY5Y). Food Chem . 2017;222:94-104.
LPS-activated BV-2 microglial cells	Hydroalcoholic lyophilized extract	10-1000 μg/mL	Reduction of ROS, proinflammatory cytokines and caspase-1 levels	Souza et al., 2020
In vitro studies
Wistar rats (10-day-old) exposed to H2O2	Frozen pulp	40% (weight = volume)	Reduction of H2O2- induced damage and CAT and SOD activities	Spada et al., 2009
Male Wistar rats (90-day-old) exposed to CCl4	Pulp	7 μL/g for 14 days	Prevented inhibition of CK, TBARS, carbonyl and CAT activity in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum	de Souza et al., 2015
Elderly mice (19-week-old)	Lyophilized powder	20 g/kg for 6 weeks	Reduced NOX2 and NF-κB pro-oxidants and increased Nrf2 expression in cortex and hippocampus	Pulouse et al., 2017
Male Swiss rats exposed to LPS	Clarified juice	10 μL/g of body weight for 4 days	Prevented neuronal loss associated with the depressive-like state. Increased TERT mRNA expression. Abolished despair and anhedonia behaviours.	*Souza-Monteiro et al.,* 2019**Souza-Monteiro JR, Arrifano GPF, Queiroz AIDG, Mello BSF, Custódio CS, Macêdo DS, et al. Antidepressant and antiaging effects of açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) in mice. Oxid Med Cell Longev . 2019;2019:1-16.

Model	Presentation	Dosage	Main effects	Reference
In vitro studies
SH-SY5Y cells exposed to rotenone	Powder	0.312 and 0.625 mg/ mL	Significant increase in cell viability	Oliveira et al., 2011
SH-SY5Y cells exposed to Aβ, MGO, GO and ACR	Powder	10, 100, 1000 μg/ mL	Reduced Aβ1-42 aggregation, prevented MGO, GO and ACR-induced cytotoxicity	*Bittencourt et al., 2014*Bittencourt LS, Zeidán-Chuliá F, Yatsu FKJ, Schnorr CE, Moresco KS, Kolling EA, et al. Guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart.) prevents β-amyloid aggregation, generation of Advanced Glycation-end Products (AGEs), and acrolein-induced cytotoxicity on human neuronal-like cells. Phytother Res. 2014;28(11):1615-1624.
Mouse brain and cerebellum exposed to VCR	Hydroalcoholic extract	10, 30, 100, 300 μg/mL	Increased cell viability, stimulating CAT activity, reducing ROS and LPO levels	*Veloso et al., 2017*Veloso CF, Machado AK, Cadoná FC, Azzolin VF, Cruz IBM, Silveira AF. Neuroprotective effects of Guarana (Paullinia Cupana Mart.) against vincristine in vitro exposure. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2017;5(1):65-70.
SH-SY5Y cells	Hydroalcoholic extract	1, 5, 10, 20 mg/mL	Reduced IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, caspase-1, caspase-3, caspase-8 levels	*Algarve et al., 2019*Algarve TD, Assmann CE, Cadoná FC, Machado AK, Manica-Cattani MF, Sato-Miyata Y. Guarana improves behavior and inflammatory alterations triggered by methylmercury exposure: an in vivo fruit fly and in vitro neural cells study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019;26(15):15069-15083.
In vivo studies
C. elegans expressing Htn-Q40	Aqueous extract	300 μg/mL	Reduced the formation of polyQ aggregates	*Peixoto et al., 2017*Peixoto H, Roxo M, Röhrig T, Richling E, Wang X, Wink M. Anti-aging and antioxidant potential of Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis: Findings in Caenorhabditis elegans indicate a new utilization for roasted seeds of guarana. Medicines. 2017;4(3):1-14.
C. elegans expressing Aβ1-42 and Htn-Q150	Hydroalcoholic extract	10-50 mg/mL	Protected against polyQ and Aβ1-42 toxicity. Increased expression of SOD-3 and HSP-16-2	*Boasquívis et al., 2018*Boasquívis PF, Silva GMM, Paiva FA, Cavalcanti RM, Nunez CV, de Paula Oliveira R. Guarana (Paullinia cupana) extract protects Caenorhabditis elegans models for Alzheimer disease and Huntington disease through activation of antioxidant and protein degradation pathways. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018;2018:1-16.
C. elegans expressing Aβ1-42	Ethanolic extract	1 mg/mL	Reduced Aβ aggregation and Aβ-induced oxidative damage through HSP- response activation	*Zamberlan et al., 2020*Zamberlan DC, Arantes LP, Machado ML, da Silveira TL, da Silva AF, da Cruz IBM, et al. Guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart.) protects against amyloid-β toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans through heat shock protein response activation. Nutr Neurosci . 2020;23(6):444-454.

[1] *Correspondence: H. I. Cimarosti. Departamento de Farmacologia - CCB Centro de Ciências Biológicas. UFSC - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Campus Universitário Trindade. 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Phone: (48) 3721 4844. E-mail: helena.cimarosti@ufsc.br.

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Neuroprotective potential of the Amazonian fruits Euterpe oleracea Mart. and Paullinia cupana Kunth

Abstract