Chemical characterization, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of <i>Justicia pectoralis</i> Jacq and Croton jacobinensis Baill extracts

Oliveira, Leilanne Márcia Nogueira de; Bastos, Maria do Socorro Rocha; Lima, Ana Cristina Silva de; Figueiredo, Evânia Altina Teixera de; Dias, Flayanna Gouveia Braga; Silva, Larissa Morais Ribeiro da; Benevides, Selene Dahia; Ribeiro, Paulo Riceli Vasconcelos; Sabino, Luiz Bruno de Sousa; Figueiredo, Raimundo Wilane de

doi:10.1590/s2175-97902023e21224

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Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Article • Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. 59 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902023e21224 copy

Chemical characterization, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of Justicia pectoralis Jacq and Croton jacobinensis Baill extracts

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Abstract

In this research, aqueous and ethanolic extracts from Justicia pectoralis Jacq and Croton Jacobinensis Baill were characterized. The UPLC-QTOF-MS^E analysis was performed on the extracts identified, predominantly, flavonoids, tannins and acids. The extracts did not indicate toxicity in human epithelial cells. C. jacobinensis presented a concentration of phenolics 60.5% higher than J. pectoralis in all scenarios evaluated and, for both samples, the hydroalcoholic extract at 70% exhibited the best efficiency in the extraction (14501.3 and 32521.5 mg GAE 100 g^-1 for J. pectoralis and C. jacobinensis, respectively). The antioxidant activity presented a positive correlation with the concentration of phenolics, being 1.186,1 and 1.507,9 μM of Trolox for J. pectoralis and C. jacobinensis at 70% of ethanol; however, it was not verified statistical difference between the ethanolic solutions (p < 0.05). The antimicrobial activity of J. pectoralis extracts was highlighted once was the most effective against gram-positive bacteria. The results suggest that both J. pectoralis and C. jacobinensis extracts present the potential to be applied as natural additives due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and safety. Thus, it is suggesting the development of studies that could investigate the interaction of these plant extracts with food matrices is required.

Keywords:
Natural extracts; Bioactive compounds; Identification; Therapeutics

Peak	T_R (min)	[M-H]^- Observed	[M-H]^- Calculated	Ion fragments (MS/MS)	Empirical Formula	Error	Reference
1	2,74	503,1406	503,1401	341,0875; 315,1050; 179,0343; 135,0444	C₂₁H₂₇O₁₄	1,0	(Spínola; Castilho, 2017)
2	3,11	341,0881	341,0873	179,0325; 135,0416	C₁₅H₁₇O₉	2,3	(Spínola; Castilho, 2017)
3	3,25	355,0658	355,0665	179,0370; 135,0440	C₁₅H₁₅O₁₀	-2,0	(Bresciani et al., 2017)
4	3,35	313,0923	313,0923	137,0607	C₁₄H₁₇O₈	0,0	(Vennila; Rajangam, 2015)
5	3,41	329,0973	329,0973	135,0333; 72,9945	C₁₄H₁₇O₉	0,0	-
6	3,51	325,0916	325,0923	163,0361; 119,0514	C₁₅H₁₇O₈	-2,2	(Simirgiotis et al., 2017)
7	3,82	327,1068	327,1080	165,0520	C₁₅H₁₉O₈	-3,7	(Simirgiotis et al., 2017)
8	3,92	325,0909	325,0923	163,0358; 119,0483	C₁₅H₁₇O₈	-4,3	(Simirgiotis et al., 2017)
9	4,13	651,1984	651,1984	-	C₂₃H₃₉O₂₁	0,0	-
10	4,35	503,2480	503,2492	429,1721; 161,0344	C₂₄H₃₉O₁₁	-2,4	-
11	4,57	771,2230	771,2254	637,2074; 327,1073	C₂₃H₄₇O₂₈	-2,4	-
12	5,08	709,3126	709,3130	223,0609; 165,0626	C₂₈H₅₃O₂₀	-0,6	-

Peak	T_R (min)	[M-H]^- Observed	[M-H]^- Calculated	Ion fragments (MS/MS)	Empirical Formula	Error	Reference
1	4,21	191,0195	191,0192	111,0121	C₆H₇O₇	1,6	(Jiménez-Sánchez et al., 2015)
2	4,53	371,0613	371,0614	209,0265; 191,0194	C₁₅H₁₅O₁₁	-0,3	(Ruiz et al., 2013)
3	4,62	371,0612	371,0614	209,0256; 191,0215	C₁₅H₁₅O₁₁	-0,5	(Ruiz et al., 2013)
4	4,87	463,0892	463,0877	301,0330; 300,0279	C₂₁H₁₉O₁₂	3,2	Padrão
5	5,13	593,1479	593,1506	285,0401	C₂₇H₂₉O₁₅	-4,6	(Navarro et al., 2017)
6	5,31	291,1600	291,1596	273,1513	C₁₇H₂₃O₄	1,4	-
7	5,61	331,1904	331,1909	201,1284; 71,0183	C₂₀H₂₇O₄	-1,5	(Xu; Liu; Liang, 2018Xu W, Liu W, Liang Q. Chemical constituents from Croton species and their biological activities. Molecules. 2018;23(9):2333-2370.)
8	5,74	357,1326	357,1338	-	C₂₀H₂₁O₆	-3,4	(Xu; Liu; Liang, 2018Xu W, Liu W, Liang Q. Chemical constituents from Croton species and their biological activities. Molecules. 2018;23(9):2333-2370.)
9	5,92	347,1846	347,1858	329,0634; 314,0413; 299,0165	C₂₀H₂₇O₅	-3,5	(Xu; Liu; Liang, 2018Xu W, Liu W, Liang Q. Chemical constituents from Croton species and their biological activities. Molecules. 2018;23(9):2333-2370.)
10	6,17	339,1216	339,1232	295,1371; 116,0312; 109,0322	C₂₀H₁₉O₅	-4,7	(Xu; Liu; Liang, 2018Xu W, Liu W, Liang Q. Chemical constituents from Croton species and their biological activities. Molecules. 2018;23(9):2333-2370.)
11	6,30	315,1949	315,1960	225,1668	C₂₀H₂₇O₃	-3,5	(Xu; Liu; Liang, 2018Xu W, Liu W, Liang Q. Chemical constituents from Croton species and their biological activities. Molecules. 2018;23(9):2333-2370.)
12	6,37	325,1441	325,1440	281,1558; 265,1228; 235,1138	C₂₀H₂₁O₄	0,3	(Xu; Liu; Liang, 2018Xu W, Liu W, Liang Q. Chemical constituents from Croton species and their biological activities. Molecules. 2018;23(9):2333-2370.)
13	6,58	329,1761	329,1753	285,1899; 116,9326	C₂₀H₂₅O₄	2,4	(Xu; Liu; Liang, 2018Xu W, Liu W, Liang Q. Chemical constituents from Croton species and their biological activities. Molecules. 2018;23(9):2333-2370.)
14	6,71	327,1598	327,598	283,1722; 163,1791	C₂₀H₂₃O₄	0,6	(Xu; Liu; Liang, 2018Xu W, Liu W, Liang Q. Chemical constituents from Croton species and their biological activities. Molecules. 2018;23(9):2333-2370.)

Extraction method	Total extractable polyphenols expressed (mg GAE 100g^-1)		Antioxidant activity (μM of Trolox g^-1)
Extraction method	J. Pectoralis Jacq.	C. jacobinensis Baill.	J. Pectoralis Jacq.	C. jacobinensis Baill.
Aqueous	8.436,1^cB ± 105,3	24.908,9^cA ± 227,7	367.5^cB ± 0,80	967.8^bA ± 13.69
50% ethanol	12.111,9^bB ± 406,5	31.384,7^bA ± 250,4	1.146,8^bB ± 83,85	1.486,4^aA ± 2.34
70% ethanol	14.501,3^aB ± 416,8	32.521,5^aA ± 219,9	1.186,1^aB ± 54,65	1.507,9^aA ± 34.96

Microorganism Aqueous		J. pectoralis Jacq			C. jacobinensis Baill
Microorganism Aqueous		Ethanol 50%	Ethanol 70%	Aqueous	Ethanol 50%	Ethanol 70%
S. aureus	CIM	1	15	5	0,5	1	1,5
S. aureus	CBM	1	15	15	1	2	1,5
L. monocytogenes	CIM	10	15	25	8	6,25	3
L. monocytogenes	CBM	10	15	35	12,5	25	6
S. enteritidis	CIM	25	25	45	-	25	25
S. enteritidis	CBM	25	25	-	-	25	25
E. coli	CIM	25	40	-	-	-	25
E. coli	CBM	20	50	-	-	-	30

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, n. 580, 05508-000 S. Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel.: (55 11) 3091-3824 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjps@usp.br

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[1] *Correspondence: L. B. de S. Sabino. Departamento de Engenharia Química. Universidade Federal do Ceará. Campus Universitário do Pici. Av. Mister Hull, 2977, 60356-000, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Phone: +55 85 986687879. E-mail:lunosousa@gmail.com.