Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Lipid Profiling of <i>Spermadicyton Suaveolens</i> in Streptozotocin (STZ) Induced Diabetic Rats

Maske, Pratik Prakash; Kumbhar, Popat Sonappa; Wali, Ashok Gurulingappa; Disouza, John Intru; Sharma, Maya

doi:10.1590/s2175-97902023e21820

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Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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ARTICLE • Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. 59 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902023e21820 copy

Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Lipid Profiling of Spermadicyton Suaveolens in Streptozotocin (STZ) Induced Diabetic Rats

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Diabetes is a life-threatening disease, and currently available synthetic medicines for treating diabetes are associated with various side effects. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop herbal remedies against diabetes as an alternative to synthetic medicines. Although local healers use the roots of Spermadicyton suaveolens (SS) to manage diabetes, there is negligible research to validate its antidiabetic properties. The present investigation aims to the assess the antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic potential of the ethanolic extract of S. Suaveolen’s roots (EESS) on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The extract was screened for in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. The in vivo antidiabetic potential of EESS (at 200 and 400 mg/kg) was studied on STZ-induced diabetic rats for 20 days. The EESS displayed significant (p<0.05) antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. The administration of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg EESS in STZ-induced diabetic rats significantly reduced hyperglycemia, and restored antioxidant enzymes and lipid profile-a high density lipoprotein (HDL) increased by the administration of a single dose of streptozotocin. Thus, EESS could be a promising herbal medicine in the treatment of diabetes and hyperlipidemia.

KEYWORDS:
Spermadicyton suaveolens extract; Antioxidant; Antidiabetic; Hyperlipidemic; Histopathology

Group	Body Weight (gm)
Group	1^st Day	7^th Day	14^th Day
Control	180.33±0.39	187.5±0.49	200.16±0.69
EESS 300 mg/kg	184.66±0.42	187.5±0.37	198.5±0.45
EESS 1000 mg/kg	181.33±0.33	186.33±0.44	200.33±0.38
EESS 2000 mg/kg	184.16±0.41	185.66±0.57	195.66±0.47

Parameters	Dose	Behavioural observations
Parameters	Dose	30 min	2 H	4 H	8 H	24 H	7^th Day	14^th Day
Salivation	Control	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal
	EESS 300 mg/kg	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal
	EESS 1000 mg/kg	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal
	EESS 2000 mg/kg	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal
Sleep	Control	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal
	EESS 300 mg/kg	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal
	EESS 1000 mg/kg	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal
	EESS 2000 mg/kg	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal
Mortality	Control	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found
	EESS 300 mg/kg	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found
	EESS 1000 mg/kg	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found
	EESS 2000 mg/kg	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found	Not found

Group No.	Treatment	Blood glucose level (mg/dL)
Group No.	Treatment	0 min	30 min	60 min	120 min
	Control	72.83±1.47	133.16±1.16	127.33±1.21	111.33±1.21
	Std (Glibenkamide 2mg/kg)	82.16±2.13*	121.16±1.16*	97.33±1.36**	89.16±1.47**
	EESS 200 mg/kg	88.5±2.07*	122.16±1.60*	92.33±1.75*	89.66±1.21**
	EESS 400mg/kg	90.83±1.16*	136.66±1.63*	95.83±1.72*	93.5±1.37*

Group No.	Administration/Treatment	Body weight (g)
Group No.	Administration/Treatment	1^st	10^th	20^th
1	Normal	200.16±15.62	187.5±11.48	180.83±11.83
2	Diabetic control	198.5±14.78	187.5±12.51	174.66±12.69
3	Standard	198.33±15.81*	196.83±17.42**	197.66±11.84**
4	EESS 200 mg/kg	200.33±12.42*	181.33±11.03	186.33±10.57*
5	EESS 400mg/kg	195.16±2.60*	184.16±3.93*	185.66±8.18**

Group No.	Administration/Treatment	Blood glucose (mg/dL)
Group No.	Administration/Treatment	1^st	10^th	20^th
1	Normal	81.83±3.12	83.66±3.26	84.16±2.31
2	Diabetic control	209.83±7.49	216.83±7.54	224.5±5.68
3	Standard	159.33±25.37*	143.16±18.36*	128±9.95*
4	EESS 200 mg/kg	182.66±3.98*	167.33±3.20*	148.66±3.01**
5	EESS 400mg/kg	179.66±5.60*	153.5±4.67*	137.66±3.14*

Group No.	Administration/Treatment	Concentration in mg/dL
Group No.	Administration/Treatment	Total Cholesterol	Triglycerides	LDL-cholesterol	VLDL-cholesterol	HDL-cholestero
1	Normal	78.33±1.44	105.86±1.06	41.35±1.42	21.72±0.21	12.78±1.00
2	Diabetic control	162.56±1.53	177.44±1.13	87.38±1.68	35.48±0.22	87.56±2.66
3	Standard	92.62±0.76**	85.63±1.27*	51.33±1.72*	17.12±0.25**	24.15±2.09
4	Ethanol extract 200 mg/kg	121.97±1.00*	140.33±1.24*	64.98±2.37*	28.06±0.24 **	28.92±2.08*
5	Ethanol extract 400mg/kg	97.79±1.17*	121.08±0.96**	51.53±1.95*	24.21±0.19**	22.03±2.86*

Group No.	Administration/Treatment	MDA (moles MDA/mg proteins/mL)	SOD (unit/mg proteins)	Catalase μmol/mg pr.min	GSH (nmol per minute per milligram)
1	Normal	1.43±0.04	32.92±2.45	4.32±0.08	7.74±0.34
2	Diabetic control	2.91±0.11	14.17±3.41	3.92±0.05	5.78±0.24
3	Standard	1.54±0.04**	32.92±2.92*	4.29±0.06**	7.12±0.49*
4	Ethanol extract 200 mg/kg	1.70±0.07**	32.50±4.18*	3.74±0.06**	6.78±0.18*
5	Ethanol extract 400mg/kg	1.57±0.04**	32.92±1.88*	3.89±0.06**	7.29±0.20*

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, n. 580, 05508-000 S. Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel.: (55 11) 3091-3824 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjps@usp.br

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[1] *Correspondence: J. I. Disouza. Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy. Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur Maharashtra. 416113, India. E-mail: johnsir4u@gmail.com