Formigas associadas às frondes da samambaia <i>Pteridium esculentum</i> subsp. <i>arachnoideum</i>

Lancellotti, Isabella Rodrigues; Mayhé-Nunes, Antônio José; Feitosa, Rodrigo Machado; Portugal, Anderson dos Santos; Santos, Marcelo Guerra

Isabella Rodrigues Lancellotti

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Formação de Professores, Departamento de Ciências, Laboratório de Biodiversidade, São Gonçalo, RJ, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-0694

Antônio José Mayhé-Nunes

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.

Rodrigo Machado Feitosa

Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Sistemática e Biologia de Formigas, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9042-0129

Anderson dos Santos Portugal

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Formação de Professores, Departamento de Ciências, Laboratório de Biodiversidade, São Gonçalo, RJ, Brasil.

Marcelo Guerra Santos

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Formação de Professores, Departamento de Ciências, Laboratório de Biodiversidade, São Gonçalo, RJ, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0680-4566

* Corresponding author: marceloguerrasantos@gmail.com

Associate Editor

José Mermudes

Author Contributions

Isabella Rodrigues Lancellotti: Substantial contribution in the concept and design of the study; data collection; data analysis and interpretation; manuscript preparation; critical revision, adding intellectual content.

Marcelo Guerra Santos: Substantial contribution in the concept and design of the study; data collection; data analysis and interpretation; manuscript preparation; critical revision, adding intellectual content.

Anderson dos Santos Portugal: Data analysis and interpretation; critical revision, adding intellectual content.

Antônio José Mayhé-Nunes: Species identification, data analysis and interpretation; manuscript preparation critical revision, adding intellectual content.

Rodrigo Machado Feitosa: Species identification, data analysis and interpretation; manuscript preparation critical revision, adding intellectual content.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest related to the publication of this manuscript.

Data Availability

Supporting data are available at <https://doi.org/10.48331/scielodata.XB751P> and <https://data.scielo.org/dataset.xhtml?persistentId = doi:10.48331/scielodata.XB751P>.

Figuras (2)
Tabelas (4)

Thumbnail

Figure 1.
Frond stages of Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum. A: Fully expanded frond. B-C: Expanding frond. All photos: Marcelo Guerra Santos.

Thumbnail

Figure 2.
Ants on frond nectaries of Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum. A: Ectatomma tuberculatum feeding on the nectary. It’s possible to see a nectar droplet in their open jaws. B: Camponotus crassus. C: Wasmannia auropunctata. D: Ectatomma brunneum. E: Pheidole sp. F: Brachymyrmex sp. (arrow). *Nectaries. Photo A: Isabella Rodrigues Lancellotti. Photos B, C, E, F: Marcelo Guerra Santos. Photo D: Camille Santos Carraco.

Thumbnail

Table 1.
Abundance and circular statistical tests (month of highest incidence of the species and Rayleigh test (p) of ant species collected on the fronds of Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum, between February 2009 and February 2010, in the Restinga of Maricá, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Rainy season (between October and March) and dry season (between April and September) (Barbieri 2005BARBIERI, P. R. B. 2005. Caracterização da estação chuvosa nas regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil associado com a circulação atmosférica. Dissertation, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Brazil.).

Thumbnail

Table 2.
Ant frequency (number of observations) on Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum fronds at different stages of development in the Restinga of Maricá, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil.

Thumbnail

Table 3.
Ant species abundance per hour of visitation on Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum fronds and circular statistical tests (mean time, mean angle, and length of mean vector), between February 2009 and February 2010 (seven collections), in the Restinga of Maricá, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. (n = 529 ants).

Thumbnail

Table 4.
Genera of ants found on Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum in the Restinga of Maricá, Rio de Janeiro state and their respective feeding habits.

Subfamily	Ant species	Month								Relative abundance (%)	Month of highest incidence	Rayleigh test (p)
Subfamily	Ant species	Feb 9	Apr 9	Jun 9	Aug 9	Oct 9	Dec 9	Feb 10	Abundance	Relative abundance (%)	Month of highest incidence	Rayleigh test (p)
Dolichoderinae	Dorymyrmex brunneus (Forel, 1908)	1	0	0	0	2	0	1	4	0,76	December	0,137
	Dorymyrmex sp.	2	0	0	0	1	0	0	3	0,57	Janaury	0,137
	Linepithema iniquum (Mayr, 1870)	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0,19	February	< 1E-12
	Linepithema sp.	0	0	0	3	0	0	2	5	0,95	August	0,137
	Tapinoma atriceps Emery, 1888	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	3	0,57	October	0,512
	Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius, 1793)	0	1	1	4	4	0	0	10	2,08	October	0,512
	Tapinoma sp.1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0,19	August	0,512
	Tapinoma sp.2	0	0	0	0	2	1	0	3	0,57	October	0,137
Ectatomminae	Ectatomma brunneum (Fr. Smith, 1858)	0	0	0	0	8	0	0	8	1,51	October	< 1E-12
Ectatomminae	Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier, 1792)	33	9	28	4	40	32	5	151	28,54	December	< 1E-12
Formicinae	Brachymyrmex sp.1	0	4	4	14	13	11	19	65	12,29	December	0,895
	Brachymyrmex sp.2	0	0	0	1	1	3	0	5	0,95	October	0,512
	Camponotus crassus Mayr, 1862	1	0	0	1	1	0	1	4	0,76	August	0,512
	Camponotus leydigi Forel, 1886	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	2	0,38	October	0,512
	Camponotus sexguttatus (Fabricius, 1793)	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0,19	August	0,512
	Camponotus sp.1	–	5	–	5	10	4	2	26	4,91	October	0,137
	Camponotus sp.2	0	0	0	0	8	0	0	8	1,51	October	< 1E-12
	Camponotus sp.3	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0,19	April	0,512
	Camponotussp.4	0	0	1	0	2	1	0	4	0,76	November	0,512
Myrmicinae	Cephalotes minutus (Fabricius, 1804)	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0,19	December	0,512
	Cephalotes pusillus (Klug, 1824)	0	0	0	0	1	9	0	10	1,89	December	0,512
	Cephalotes sp.1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0,19	December	0,512
	Nylanderia sp.	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	2	0,38	October	0,137
	Pheidole sp.1	1	0	2	0	0	2	0	5	0,95	February	0,512
	Pheidole sp.2	0	0	1	0	0	2	0	3	0,57	December	0,512
	Solenopsis sp.1	1	0	0	8	1	154	1	165	31,19	December	< 1E-12
	Solenopsis sp.2	1	0	0	0	0	2	0	3	0,57	December	0,137
	Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger, 1863)	0	4	0	15	2	0	0	21	3,97	August	0,137
Ponerinae	Neoponera villosa(Fabricius, 1804)	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	2	0,38	August	0,137
Pseudomyrmecinae	Pseudomyrmex gracilis (Fabricius, 1804)	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	2	0,38	June	0,512
	Pseudomyrmex pallidus (Fr. Smith, 1855)	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0,19	February	0,512
	Pseudomyrmex sp.1	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0,57	February	0,033
	Pseudomyrmex sp.2	3	0	1	0	1	0	0	5	0,95	February	0,512
Abundance		47	26	40	59	100	226	31	529

Month/year	Expanding fronds	Fully expanded fronds	Chi-squared test
February 2009	37	20	5,07, P = 0,024
April 2009	53	18	17,25 P = 3,27E-05
June 2009	42	20	7,80 P = 0,005
August 2009	35	18	5,45 P = 0,019
October 2009	82	58	4,11 P = 0,042
December 2009	139	20	89,06 P < 1,0E-06
February 2010	45	12	19,10 P = 1,2E-05
N	433	166

Ant species	Time										Time of intensity peak	Length of mean vector (r)
Ant species	8:30 AM	9:30 AM	10:30 AM	11:30 AM	12:30 PM	1:30 PM	2:30 PM	3:30 PM	4:30 PM	5:30 PM	Time of intensity peak	Length of mean vector (r)
Brachymyrmex sp.1	2	3	4	11	14	6	7	14	5	0	12:52 (193,095°)	0,859
Brachymyrmex sp.2	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	2	0	02:42 (220,525°)	0,914
Camponotus crassus	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	3	0	0	03:15 (228,766°)	0,994
Camponotus leydigi	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	12:30 (187,5°)	0,697
Camponotus sexguttatus	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10:30 (157,5°)	1
Camponotus sp.1	0	0	3	4	4	6	7	2	0	0	01:37 (204,485°)	0,931
Camponotus sp.2	0	0	3	3	1	0	0	1	0	0	11:40 (175,209°)	0,921
Camponotus sp.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	04:30 (247,5°)	1
Camponotus sp.4	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	01:30 (202,5°)	1
Cephalotes pusillus	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	6	0	03:30 (232,5°)	0,377
Cephalotes minutus	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	12:30 (187,5°)	1
Cephalotes sp.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	01:30 (202,5°)	1
Dorymyrmex brunneus	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	04:30 (247,5°)	0,394
Dorymyrmex sp.	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	1	0	04:30 (247,5°)	0,369
Ectatomma brunneum	0	0	2	1	1	0	3	1	0	0	01:00 (195,211°)	0,883
Ectatomma tuberculatum	0	21	21	22	14	15	21	24	13	0	01:07 (196,868°)	0,438
Linepithema iniquum	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	08:30 (127,5°)	0,513
Linepithema sp.	0	0	0	1	2	0	1	1	0	0	02:53 (223,266°)	0,565
Nylanderia sp.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	02:30 (217,5°)	1
Neoponera villosa	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	02:30 (217,5°)	0,72
Pheidole sp.1	0	1	3	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	09:30 (142,5°)	0,531
Pheidole sp.2	0	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10:30 (157,5°)	0,596
Pseudomyrmex gracillis	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	10:30 (157,5°)	0,494
Pseudomyrmex pallidus	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	11:30 (172,5°)	0,398
Pseudomyrmex sp.1	0	0	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	11:10 (167,513°)	0,992
Pseudomyrmex sp.2	0	1	0	2	0	0	0	1	0	0	01:02 (195,653°)	0,381
Solenopsis sp.1	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	4	3	0	12:28 (187,177°)	0,374
Solenopsis sp.2	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	10:00 (150°)	0,991
Tapinoma atriceps	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	12:30 (187,5°)	0,476
Tapinoma melanocephalum	0	0	3	2	2	0	0	0	1	0	11:30 (172,5°)	0,707
Tapinoma sp.1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	02:30 (217,5°)	1
Tapinoma sp.2	0	0	1	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	01:30 (202,5°)	0,319
Wasmannia auropunctata	0	0	4	7	1	4	0	3	2	0	01:30 (202,5°)	0,638

Genus	Feeding habit	Reference
Brachymyrmex	Most species are omnivorous, and some exploit the sugary solutions of extrafloral nectaries or trophobiont insects.	Baccaro et al. (2015)BACCARO, F. B., FEITOSA, R. M., FERNANDEZ, F., FERNANDES, I. O., IZZO, T. J., SOUZA, J. L. P. & SOLAR, R. 2015. Guia para os gêneros de formigas do Brasil. Editora INPA, Manaus.; Quirán (2005)QUIRÁN, E. 2005. El Género Neotropical Brachymyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) en la Argentina. II: Redescripción de las Especies B. admotus Mayr, de B. brevicornis Emery y B. gaucho Santschi. Neotrop. Entomol. 34:761–768. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2005000500007 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/...
Camponotus	Omnivorous.	Fernández (2003)FERNÁNDEZ, F. 2003. Subfamília Formicinae. In Fernández F (ed.), Introducción a las hormigas de la región Neotropical. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia, pp. 299–311.
Cephalotes	Omnivorous, feed on sugary secretions produced by membracids and extrafloral nectaries, and have a preference for pollen grains.	Baccaro et al. (2015)BACCARO, F. B., FEITOSA, R. M., FERNANDEZ, F., FERNANDES, I. O., IZZO, T. J., SOUZA, J. L. P. & SOLAR, R. 2015. Guia para os gêneros de formigas do Brasil. Editora INPA, Manaus.; Moretti & Ribeiro (2006)MORETTI, T. C. & RIBEIRO, O. B. 2006. Cephalotes clypeatus Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Hábitos de Nidificação e Ocorrência em Carcaça Animal. Neotrop. Entomol. 35:412–415. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2006000300019 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/...
Dorymyrmex	Hunt live insects, including alates (flying ants). Some species collect honeydew from sap-sucking insects.	Baccaro et al. (2015)BACCARO, F. B., FEITOSA, R. M., FERNANDEZ, F., FERNANDES, I. O., IZZO, T. J., SOUZA, J. L. P. & SOLAR, R. 2015. Guia para os gêneros de formigas do Brasil. Editora INPA, Manaus.
Ectatomma	Omnivorous. Prey on annelids, gastropods and a number of arthropods, including ants, wasps, bee pupae, lizards and termites. Also frequently seen collecting sugary liquids secreted by hemipterans, extrafloral nectaries and flower and fruit exudates.	Baccaro et al. (2015)BACCARO, F. B., FEITOSA, R. M., FERNANDEZ, F., FERNANDES, I. O., IZZO, T. J., SOUZA, J. L. P. & SOLAR, R. 2015. Guia para os gêneros de formigas do Brasil. Editora INPA, Manaus.; Lattke (2003)LATTKE, J. E. 2003. Subfamília Ponerinae. In: Fernández F. (ed.), Introducción a las hormigas de la región Neotropical. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia, pp. 261–281.; Tolofo (2011)TOFOLO, V. C., GIANNOTTI, E., MOLEIRO, H. R. & SIMÕES, M. R. 2011. Diet and Spatial Pattern of Foraging in Ectatomma opaciventre (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in an Anthropic Area. Sociobiology 58:607–619.
Linepithema	Generalists. Feed on sugary solutions from extrafloral nectaries and honeydew from hemipterans, but may be opportunist predators.	Baccaro et al. (2015)BACCARO, F. B., FEITOSA, R. M., FERNANDEZ, F., FERNANDES, I. O., IZZO, T. J., SOUZA, J. L. P. & SOLAR, R. 2015. Guia para os gêneros de formigas do Brasil. Editora INPA, Manaus.
Nylanderia	Generalists, frequently visit extrafloral nectaries.	Baccaro et al. (2015)BACCARO, F. B., FEITOSA, R. M., FERNANDEZ, F., FERNANDES, I. O., IZZO, T. J., SOUZA, J. L. P. & SOLAR, R. 2015. Guia para os gêneros de formigas do Brasil. Editora INPA, Manaus.; LaPolla et al. (2011)LAPOLLA, J. S., BRADY, S. G. & SHATTUCK, S. O. 2011. Monograph of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the World: An introduction to the systematics and biology of the genus. Zootaxa 3110:1–9. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3110.1.1 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11646...
Neoponera	Omnivorous, generalist predators or specialists. Occasionally feed on the arillus of fallen seeds on the forest floor.	Baccaro et al. (2015)BACCARO, F. B., FEITOSA, R. M., FERNANDEZ, F., FERNANDES, I. O., IZZO, T. J., SOUZA, J. L. P. & SOLAR, R. 2015. Guia para os gêneros de formigas do Brasil. Editora INPA, Manaus.; Lattke (2003)LATTKE, J. E. 2003. Subfamília Ponerinae. In: Fernández F. (ed.), Introducción a las hormigas de la región Neotropical. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia, pp. 261–281.
Pheidole	Omnivorous, predators and necrophagous.	Baccaro et al. (2015)BACCARO, F. B., FEITOSA, R. M., FERNANDEZ, F., FERNANDES, I. O., IZZO, T. J., SOUZA, J. L. P. & SOLAR, R. 2015. Guia para os gêneros de formigas do Brasil. Editora INPA, Manaus.; Wilson (2003)WILSON, E. O. 2003. Pheidole in the New World: A Dominant, Hyperdiverse Ant Genus, Harvard University Press.
Pseudomyrmex	Omnivorous and very aggressive. Many species are associated with plants that have extrafloral nectaries.	Baccaro et al. (2015)BACCARO, F. B., FEITOSA, R. M., FERNANDEZ, F., FERNANDES, I. O., IZZO, T. J., SOUZA, J. L. P. & SOLAR, R. 2015. Guia para os gêneros de formigas do Brasil. Editora INPA, Manaus.; Whitcomb et. al (1972)WHITCOMB, W. H., DENMARK, H. A., BUREN, W. F. & CARROLL, J. F. 1972. Habits and present distribution in Florida of the exotic ant, Pseudomyrmex mexicanus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Fla. Entomol. 55:31–34.
Solenopsis	Predators and necrophagous. They may explore extrafloral nectaries.	Baccaro et al. (2015)BACCARO, F. B., FEITOSA, R. M., FERNANDEZ, F., FERNANDES, I. O., IZZO, T. J., SOUZA, J. L. P. & SOLAR, R. 2015. Guia para os gêneros de formigas do Brasil. Editora INPA, Manaus.; Wojcik et al. (2001)WOJCIK, D. P., ALLEN, C. R., BRENNER, R. J., FORYS, E. A., JOUVENAZ, D. P. & LUTZ, R. S. 2001. Red Imported Fire Ants: Impact on Biodiversity. Am. Entomol. 47:16–23.
Tapinoma	Some species feed on sugary solutions produced by aphids and coccids.	Baccaro et al. (2015)BACCARO, F. B., FEITOSA, R. M., FERNANDEZ, F., FERNANDES, I. O., IZZO, T. J., SOUZA, J. L. P. & SOLAR, R. 2015. Guia para os gêneros de formigas do Brasil. Editora INPA, Manaus.
Wasmannia	Omnivorous.	Baccaro et al. (2015)BACCARO, F. B., FEITOSA, R. M., FERNANDEZ, F., FERNANDES, I. O., IZZO, T. J., SOUZA, J. L. P. & SOLAR, R. 2015. Guia para os gêneros de formigas do Brasil. Editora INPA, Manaus.; Fisher & Cover (2007)FISHER, B. L., COVER, S. P. 2007. Ants of North America: A Guide to the Genera. University of California Press, California, USA.

[1] * Corresponding author: marceloguerrasantos@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Formigas associadas às frondes da samambaia Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum

Resumo: