The Xylella fastidiosa bacterium causes problems to coffee cultivation because of a relationship with various stress factors, leading to reduction on coffee production by decreasing fruit number and size, as well as senescence of branches. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of Xylella fastidiosa to Coffea arabica cultivars (grafted or not) through the quantification of plugging bacterium within xylem vessels at different plant parts of plant symptomatic versus assymptomatic branches. The experiments were installed in 1986 in two different edaphoclimatic areas: Mococa and Garça, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The distribution of infection class was determined in different plant parts of genetic materials in study. The samples for anatomic studies were analyzed at stress hidric periods of April 1998 and 2000, respectively. The midvein and petiole in Mococa region showed more obliterated xylem vessels with X. fastidiosa than in Garça were the petiole and stem were the tissues parts more affected. There were not significant differences on bacterium coffee effect between the two studied regions. Also, bacterium tolerance did not show difference among genetic materials. However, variations within each one of them did existed. In Garça region, the coffee plants exhibited the highest proportion of obliterated vessels in root (3%), which was not translated in disease severity in the aerial part.
Coffee plants; Xylella fastidiosa; xylem obliteration
