Initial vegetative development and early selection of arabica coffee cultivars in a low-altitude region

Filla, Vinícius Augusto; Coelho, Anderson Prates; Grossi Terceiro, Matheus; Morello, Orlando Ferreira; Lemos, Leandro Borges

doi:10.1590/1678-4499.20230098

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Article • Bragantia 82 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20230098 copy

Initial vegetative development and early selection of arabica coffee cultivars in a low-altitude region

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The cultivation of Coffea arabica L. in a low-altitude region is a sustainable alternative for diversifying the income of farmers. On account of the variability of available cultivars, the use of indirect selection through initial vegetative development may be an auxiliary tool for identifying the most suitable genotypes for this environment. This study aimed to identify the dwarf Arabica coffee cultivars with better initial development in a low-altitude region and the morphological traits with greater relevance for the early selection of cultivars with high yield potential. The experiment was installed in the northeast of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments consisted of 17 dwarf Arabica coffee cultivars. There is variability among dwarf Arabica coffee cultivars for initial vegetative development. The growth and increase in the number of nodes of the plagiotropic branch can be used in early selection to identify cultivars with greater yield potential. The cultivars IAC Obatã 4739, Obatã IAC 1669-20, and Tupi IAC 1669-33 present higher initial vegetative performance in low-altitude environments. The results obtained are useful to breeders and producers for choosing the cultivars best adapted to cultivation in this environment.

Key words
Coffea arabica L.; yield; high temperatures; morphological traits; indirect selection

Layer (cm)	pH (CaCl₂)	O.M. (g·dm^-3)	P resin (mg·dm^-3)	K	Ca	Mg	H+Al	SB	CEC	BS (%)
Layer (cm)	pH (CaCl₂)	O.M. (g·dm^-3)	P resin (mg·dm^-3)	(mmolc·dm^-3)						BS (%)
0 – 20	5.5	14	48	1.7	27	16	20	44.7	^64.7	⁶⁹
20 – 40	5.3	14	44	2.1	20	14	22	36.1	^58.1	⁶²

Cultivar	PHG cm	SDG mm	IHFB	CDG	BLG	NNI	PROD 1S	PROD 4S
Cultivar	PHG cm	SDG mm	----------------cm -------------			n^o	bags·ha^-1
SH3	99.47 b	26.52 c	18.27 b	72.24 b	19.00 b	11,00 a	32,2 b	43,6 b
CA62	105.63 a	28.81 b	23.66 a	71.12 b	17.56 b	8,56 b	48,0 a	46,0 a
CV99	103.08 a	28.51 b	22.89 a	72.09 b	15.81 b	9,88 b	47,6 a	48,8 a
OrV	106.74 a	28.22 c	19.63 b	74.21 b	18.22 b	9,20 b	43,1 a	44,8 b
OrA	102.53 a	28.85 b	19.44 b	63.06 c	17.75 b	9,62 b	44,9 a	48,9 a
ObV	101.50 a	29.58 b	20.63 b	89.68 a	20.69 a	11,06 a	51,9 a	49,1 a
ObA	105.20 a	31.69 a	19.13 b	83.98 a	26.50 a	11,50 a	24,1 c	47,0 a
Tupi	94.01 b	27.23 c	18.84 b	73.26 b	23.05 a	10,56 a	42,0 a	50,2 a
IAC125	91.23 b	26.93 c	19.38 b	61.29 c	13.38 c	9,06 b	44,6 a	46,8 a
Catiguá	103.24 a	27.39 c	20.16 b	69.58 b	16.25 b	9,00 b	13,6 d	29,1 d
Oeiras	96.78 b	27.38 c	22.60 a	48.12 d	8.69 d	6,00 c	38,9 b	34,7 c
PBr	93.87 b	25.99 c	19.68 b	59.98 c	9.63 d	7,00 c	41,4 a	37,3 c
Sacr	109.30 a	30.77 a	21.03 b	75.83 b	21.25 a	9,44 b	16,3 d	26,7 d
IPR99	108.83 a	30.40 a	19.29 b	78.42 b	17.06 b	9,63 b	41,4 a	40,2 b
IPR100	106.08 a	26.70 c	18.19 b	70.98 b	18.81 b	10,81 a	45,5 a	51,6 a
IPR103	102.99 a	26.17 c	17.69 b	68.28 b	14.88 c	9,13 b	32,8 b	41,6 b
Sabiá	100.99 a	27.19 c	20.50 b	45.42 d	9.56 d	8,50 b	39,0 b	36,7 c
F	3.39^ * and **** Significant at 5% and 1% probability, respectively.	4.38^ * and **** Significant at 5% and 1% probability, respectively.	5.41^ * and **** Significant at 5% and 1% probability, respectively.	12.99^ * and **** Significant at 5% and 1% probability, respectively.	7.52^ * and **** Significant at 5% and 1% probability, respectively.	5.59^ * and **** Significant at 5% and 1% probability, respectively.	18.72^ * and **** Significant at 5% and 1% probability, respectively.	13.72^ * and **** Significant at 5% and 1% probability, respectively.
CV	5.64	5.67	7.22	8.40	20.30	12.84	17.0	9.4
Mean	101.85	28.14	20.06	69.27	16.95	9.41	38.1	42.5

Traits	PHG	SDG	IHFB	CDG	BLG	NNI
SDG	0.53^* , , and **** significant at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% probability, respectively.	-	-	-	-	-
IHFB	0.009^NS	0.09^NS	-	-	-	-
CDG	0.33^ , , and **** significant at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% probability, respectively.	0.38^ , , and **** significant at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% probability, respectively.	-0.14^NS	-	-	-
BLG	0.37^ , , and **** significant at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% probability, respectively.	0.46^* , , and **** significant at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% probability, respectively.	-0.17^NS	0.60^* , , and **** significant at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% probability, respectively.	-	-
NNI	0.28^* *, , and ***** significant at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% probability, respectively.	0.25^* *, , and ***** significant at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% probability, respectively.	-0.32^ , , and **** significant at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% probability, respectively.	0.50^* , , and **** significant at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% probability, respectively.	0.78^* , , and **** significant at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% probability, respectively.	-
YLD 1S	-0.002^NS	0.01^NS	0.12^NS	-0.04^NS	-0.12^NS	-0.01^NS
YLD 1B	0.15^NS	0.01^NS	-0.19^NS	0.18^NS	0.28^* *, , and ***** significant at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% probability, respectively.	0.39^ , , and **** significant at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% probability, respectively.
YLD 4S	0.04^NS	0.05^NS	-0.09^NS	0.27^* *, , and ***** significant at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% probability, respectively.	0.32^ , , and **** significant at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% probability, respectively.	0.43^ , , and **** significant at 5%, 1%, and 0.1% probability, respectively.

Variables	PC1	PC2
PHG	0.559	-0.598
SDG	0.670	-0.616
CDG	0.911	-0.038
IHFB	-0.260	-0.699
BLG	0.943	0.048
NNI	0.894	0.331
YLD 4S	0.430	0.602

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[1] Section Editor: Christian Cilas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7658-1866