Responsividade agroeconômica de associações de rabanete com caupi na presença de diferentes quantidades de <i>Calotropis procera</i>, arranjos espaciais e safras de cultivo

Nunes, Renato Leandro Costa; Bezerra Neto, Francisco; Lima, Jailma Suerda Silva de; Barros Júnior, Aurélio Paes; Chaves, Aridênia Peixoto; Silva, Josimar Nogueora da

doi:10.1590/1413-70542018424010318

RESUMO

A integração de pesquisas enfatizando o desenvolvimento sustentável, o emprego, a geração de renda e a segurança alimentar vêm sendo destaque nos meios de divulgação. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a responsividade agroeconômica de associações de rabanete com caupi em diferentes quantidades de C. procera, arranjos espaciais e safras de cultivo. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 4 x 3, onde o primeiro fator consistiu de quatro quantidades de C. procera incorporadas ao solo (20; 35; 50 e 65 t ha^-1 em base seca) e o segundo de três arranjos espaciais (2:2; 3:3 e 4:4) em duas safras de cultivo. Amostras de rabanete foram avaliadas quanto à altura de plantas, massa seca da parte aérea, produtividade total e comercial de raízes, produtividade de raízes refugo e massa seca de raízes, enquanto que no caupi, as amostras foram avaliadas quanto ao comprimento de vagens verdes, número de vagens por m², produtividade e massa seca de vagens verdes, número de grãos verdes por vagem, peso de 100 grãos verdes, produtividade e massa seca de grãos verdes. Os indicadores econômicos vantagem monetária e monetária corrigida foram utilizados na avaliação da eficiência do consórcio. Uma maior responsividade agroeconômica do consórcio de rabanete e caupi foi obtida com a incorporação de 56,44 t ha^-1 de C. procera. Os arranjos espaciais 3:3 e 4:4 tiveram melhor responsividade em termos agronômico e econômico. A associação entre o rabanete e o caupi é viável quando as culturas são adubadas com C. procera.

Termos para indexação:
Raphanus sativus; Vigna unguiculata; consorciação de culturas.

[1] ^*Corresponding author: aurelio.barros@ufersa.edu.br

Depth * (cm)	Coarse sand	Fine sand	Silt	Clay
	----------------g kg^-1----------------
	Soil profile of the Typical dystrophic red Ultisol
A (0-22)	729	192	20	59
AB (22-47)	580	262	27	131
BA (47-107)	502	238	42	219
Bt1(107-183)	487	239	48	226
Bt2(183-233⁺)	419	165	48	369

Prior to incorporation of C. procera
Cropping season	N g kg^-1	pH (water)	EC ds m^-1	O.M. g kg^-1	P	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn
Cropping season	N g kg^-1	pH (water)	EC ds m^-1	O.M. g kg^-1	mg dm^-3			cmol_c dm^-3			mg dm^-3
1	0.51	7.46	1.77	3.64	63.3	60.0	17.0	2.09	0.58	0.19	2.03	10.43	6.21
2	0.42	6.60	0.10	3.65	34.2	69.2	19.0	3.10	0.80	0.29	2.86	11.40	7.35

Cropping season	Macronutrient contents in the green manure (g kg^-1)					Micronutrient contents and sodium in the green manure (mg kg^-1)					C/N ratio
Cropping season	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	Fe	Mn	Zn	Cu	Na	C/N ratio
1	18.40	3.10	14.50	16.30	13.50	100.5	21.75	37.88	3.85	608.5	25:1
2	15.30	0.66	25.60	8.60	4.32	94.3	16.24	29.77	3.04	207.3	25:1

CROP SEASON 1
Amounts of C. procera biomass	Spatial arrangement	(GI) R$ ha^-1	(VC) R$ ha^-1					(FC) R$ ha^-1			(OC) R$ ha^-1		(TC) R$ ha^-1	(NI) R$ ha^-1
Amounts of C. procera biomass	Spatial arrangement	(GI) R$ ha^-1	(I)	(L)	(E)	(OE)	(MC)	(D)	(TF)	(FHL)	(LR)	(RFC)	(TC) R$ ha^-1	(NI) R$ ha^-1
20 t ha^-1	2:2	25,373.95	2,903.60	7,781.00	230.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,364.00	300.00	999.84	15,301.92	10,072.03
	3:3	25,511.18	2,903.60	7,939.40	230.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,364.00	300.00	999.84	15,460.32	10,050.86
	4:4	22,196.34	2,903.60	7,631.40	230.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,364.00	300.00	999.84	15,152.32	7,044.03
35 t ha^-1	2:2	30,851.47	2,903.60	11,558.50	241.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,364.00	300.00	999.84	19,090.42	11,761.06
	3:3	37,114.88	2,903.60	11,651.30	241.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,364.00	300.00	999.84	19,183.22	17,931.66
	4:4	33,541.31	2,903.60	11,462.10	241.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,364.00	300.00	999.84	18,994.02	14,547.30
50 t ha^-1	2:2	36,297.91	2,903.60	15,049.35	252.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,364.00	300.00	999.84	22,592.27	13,706.64
	3:3	38,246.29	2,903.60	14,919.35	252.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,364.00	300.00	999.84	22,462.27	15,784.02
	4:4	39,002.12	2,903.60	14,782.55	252.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,364.00	300.00	999.84	22,325.47	16,676.66
65 t ha^-1	2:2	38,579.26	2,903.60	18,007.10	263.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,364.00	300.00	999.84	25,553.01	13,026.24
	3:3	41,338.31	2,903.60	18,039.50	263.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,364.00	300.00	999.84	25,585.41	15,752.90
	4:4	44,861.29	2,903.60	18,057.50	263.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,364.00	300.00	999.84	25,603.41	19,257.88
CROP SEASON 2
		(GI) R$ ha^-1	(VC) R$ ha^-1					(FC) R$ ha^-1			(OC) R$ ha^-1		(TC) R$ ha^-1	(NI) R$ ha^-1
		(GI) R$ ha^-1	(I)	(L)	(E)	(OE)	(MC)	(D)	(TF)	(FHL)	(LR)	(RFC)	(TC) R$ ha^-1	(NI) R$ ha^-1
20 t ha^-1	2:2	29,833.67	2,943.60	7,407.00	230.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,811.00	300.00	999.84	15,414.92	14,418.75
	3:3	32,148.40	2,943.60	7,462.60	230.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,811.00	300.00	999.84	15,470.52	16,677.88
	4:4	33,269.36	2,943.60	7,317.40	230.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,811.00	300.00	999.84	15,325.32	17,944.04
35 t ha^-1	2:2	34,973.51	2,943.60	10,979.30	241.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,811.00	300.00	999.84	18,998.22	15,975.30
	3:3	36,328.94	2,943.60	10,881.70	241.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,811.00	300.00	999.84	18,900.62	17,428.32
	4:4	35,393.69	2,943.60	10,791.30	241.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,811.00	300.00	999.84	18,810.22	16,583.47
50 t ha^-1	2:2	42,447.93	2,943.60	14,588.55	252.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,811.00	300.00	999.84	22,618.47	19,829.46
	3:3	38,212.01	2,943.60	14,198.95	252.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,811.00	300.00	999.84	22,228.87	15,983.15
	4:4	38,486.67	2,943.60	14,138.55	252.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,811.00	300.00	999.84	22,168.47	16,318.21
65 t ha^-1	2:2	35,307.50	2,943.60	17,434.70	263.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,811.00	300.00	999.84	25,467.61	9,839.88
	3:3	38,558.24	2,943.60	17,215.10	263.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,811.00	300.00	999.84	25,248.01	13,310.23
	4:4	39,268.29	2,943.60	17,137.10	263.70	120.60	220.17	372.00	10.00	2,811.00	300.00	999.84	25,170.01	14,098.28

Sources of variation	DF	PH	DMS	PTR	PCR	PSR	DMR
Blocks (Seasons)	6	7.28^**	4.50^**	3.06^**	3.78^**	2.09^ns	0.67^ns
Seasons (S)	1	22.05^**	142.20^**	321.48^**	204.64^**	18.89^**	157.63^**
Amounts (Q)	3	18.23^**	13.19^**	17.06^**	14.45^**	0.35^ns	10.69^**
Spatial arrangements (A)	2	0.19^ns	14.60^**	15.60^**	8.27^**	6.07^**	11.08^**
S x Q	3	1.13^ns	0.43^ns	3.25^*	3.71^*	2.47^ns	2.47^ns
S x A	2	2.18^ns	1.16^ns	0.01^ns	0.15^ns	0.75^ns	2.23^ns
Q x A	6	1.23^ns	1.95^ns	0.79^ns	0.46^ns	0.48^ns	2.69^*
S x Q x A	6	1.27^ns	1.94^ns	1.47^ns	1.03^ns	0.45^ns	1.93^ns
CV (%)	-	11.11	19.82	13.80	18.04	42.21	17.46

Brasil

Brasil

Responsividade agroeconômica de associações de rabanete com caupi na presença de diferentes quantidades de Calotropis procera, arranjos espaciais e safras de cultivo

RESUMO

Incorporated amount	PTR (t ha^-1)		PCR (t ha^-1)		DMR (t ha^-1)
Incorporated amount	1^st season	2^nd season	1^st season	2^nd season	2:2	3:3	4:4
20	3.36 b	7.49 a	2.58 b	6.31 a	0.29 a	0.33 a	0.30 a
35	4.92 b	8.20 a	4.10 b	7.28 a	0.34 a	0.37 a	0.38 a
50	5.47 b	8.68 a	4.65 b	7.65 a	0.37 a	0.41 a	0.44 a
65	5.72 b	8.24 a	5.11 b	6.96 a	0.29 b	0.36 b	0.46 a

Spatial arrangement	HP (cm)	DMS (t ha^-1)	PTR (t ha^-1)	PCR (t ha^-1)	PSR (t ha^-1)	DMR (t ha^-1)
2:2	16.78 A	0.37 B	5.80 B	4.99 B	0.81 B
3:3	17.07 A	0.44 A	6.74 A	5.89 A	0.85 B
4:4	16.88 A	0.48 A	6.99 A	5.86 A	1.12 A
Cropping season
1	16.01 B	0.32 B			0.76 B	0.28 B
2	17.81 A	0.53 A			1.10 A	0.45 A

Sources of variation	DF	LGP	NGP	PGP	DMGP	NGGP	W100GG	YGG	DMGG
Blocks (Seasons)	6	0.57^ns	0.84^ns	1.61^ns	0.96^ns	0.58^ns	0.72^ns	1.08^ns	0.96^ns
Seasons (S)	1	31.55^**	401.01^**	977.24^**	30.47^**	34.73^**	6.02^*	347.12^**	24.04^**
Amounts (Q)	3	26.26^**	44.33^**	43.28^**	50.19^**	16.12^**	1.53^ns	55.16^**	56.48^**
Spatial arrangements (A)	2	1.82^ns	1.35^ns	0.55^ns	0.43^ns	2.37^ns	1.18^ns	1.35^ns	0.35^ns
S x Q	3	4.12^**	2.38^ns	11.33^**	0.70^ns	0.71^ns	0.36^ns	3.30^*	0.90^ns
S x A	2	2.12^ns	1.51^ns	0.59^ns	0.53^ns	0.35^ns	0.54^ns	2.43^ns	0.78^ns
Q x A	6	1.08^ns	1.39^ns	2.01^ns	1.56^ns	1.10^ns	1.50^ns	1.52^ns	1.26^ns
S x Q x A	6	0.72^ns	0.41^ns	0.82^ns	0.51^ns	0.86^ns	0.52^ns	0.46^ns	0.59^ns
CV (%)	-	4.32	18.39	19.70	22.27	9.20	7.46	20.77	22.62

Incorporated amount	LGP (cm)		PGP (t ha^-1)		YGG (t ha^-1)
Incorporated amount	1^st season	2^nd season	1^st season	2^nd season	1^st season	2^nd season
20	15.88 a	14.29 b	4.02 a	0.72 b	1.83 a	0.60 b
35	16.33 a	15.76 b	6.29 a	1.33 b	2.98 a	1.15 b
50	16.47 a	16.23 a	6.88 a	1.75 b	3.29 a	1.63 b
65	17.20 a	16.40 b	7.47 a	1.82 b	3.76 a	1.76 b

Cropping season	NGP (m²)	DMGP (t ha^-1)	NGGP	W100GG (g)	DMGG (t ha^-1)
1	170.02 A	1.24 A	8.50 A	35.10 B	0.86 A
2	77.14 B	0.96 B	7.61 B	36.43 A	0.68 B

SV	DF	MA	MMA
Blocks (Seasons)	6	2.22^ns	2.18^*
Seasons (S)	1	1.26^ns	0.32^ns
Amounts (Q)	3	47.84^**	21.18^**
Spatial arrangements (A)	2	0.70^ns	0.96^ns
S x Q	3	1.82^ns	2.27^ns
S x A	2	2.89^ns	1.87^ns
Q x A	6	0.83^ns	0.93^ns
S x Q x A	6	1.29^ns	1.14^ns
CV (%)	-	40.77	56.44

Spatial arrangement	MA	MMA
2:2	10,391.04 A	4,244.13 A
3:3	11,510.16 A	4,936.34 A
4:4	11,594.08 A	5,133.76 A
Cropping season
1	11,686.40 A	4,927.94 A
2	10,643.79 A	4,614.88 A