Nitrogen management in second-crop maize in Southwestern Goiás

Albert, Alice Maria; Castoldi, Gustavo; Rodrigues, Carlos Ribeiro; Cavalcante, Thomas Jefferson; Nogueira, Matheus Martins; Fonseca, Amanda Oliveira

doi:10.1590/1413-7054202347011022

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Sumário

Agricultural Sciences • Ciênc. agrotec. 47 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202347011022 copy

Nitrogen management in second-crop maize in Southwestern Goiás

Manejo de nitrogênio no milho cultivado em segunda safra no sudoeste Goiano

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management is a key factor in the success of maize crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of second-crop maize to N applied exclusively as topdressing or at planting + topdressing. Five experiments were conducted in areas in southwestern Goiás in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate N application rates of 0 and 30 kg ha^-1 at planting, combined with five N rates applied as topdressing at the maize V3 stage over a total of 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg ha^-1. Dry matter production in the V6 or V9 stage and yield parameters at harvest were evaluated. N application did not affect the number of grain rows per ear but increased the number of grains per row and, particularly, grain weight. The crop responded positively to increases in the total N rate in 4 of the 5 experiments: in 1 of these experiments, N fertilizer application at planting contributed to an increase in the efficiency of topdressing fertilization, resulting in a higher maize yield with a lower total N rate; in the other 3, a positive maize response to N occurred when total N was applied as topdressing at V3. However, the highest mean maize grain yield (8,233 kg ha^-1) was found in the trial that showed no response to N fertilizer application - probably due to the better chemical fertility conditions of the area combined with an adequate distribution of rainfall, considering the multiple factors involved in N application recommendations.

Index terms:
Zea mays L.; N fertilizer application; grain yield.

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[1] ^*Corresponding authors: aliceberft@hotmail.com

	Municipality	Mean Maximum Temperature (°C)	Mean Minimum Temperature (°C)	Cumulative rainfall (mm)	Planting date
Area 1	Jataí	23.30	21.80	595.20	February 02, 2019
Areas 2 and 3	Rio Verde	23.50	22.00	388.84	February 19, 2019
Area 4	Jataí	23.40	21.90	359.60	February 13, 2020
Area 5	Montividiu	28.70	26.70	487.30	February 21, 2020

Area	pH	P	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	H+Al	SB	OM	Sand	Silt	Clay
		mg dm^-3	------------------------- cmol_c dm^-3 -------------------------						g dm^-3	g kg^-1
1	5.35	7.92	0.22	2.16	0.58	0.02	1.63	2.96	40.4	420	Silt	Clay	140	440
2	5.75	5.32	0.31	1.98	0.80	0.02	1.06	3.09	29.4	460	120	420
3	5.45	2.26	0.11	0.99	0.59	0.03	1.06	1.69	28.2	640	120	240
4	5.32	7.90	0.22	2.02	0.51	0.02	1.63	2.75	40.4	420	140	440
5	5.70	6.60	0.30	3.76	1.21	0.01	1.60	5.27	42.2	340	160	500

Variable	Planting (P)	Topdressing (T)	P*T	CV (%)	$\hat{x}$
Jataí - GO 2019 second crop (A1)
Dry weight V6	0.702^ns	3.557**	1.200^ns	25.3	20.14 kg ha^-1
One-thousand grain weight	5.852^ns	15.790**	0.850^ns	4.93	341.44 g
Number of grain rows	0.859^ns	1.765^ns	0.143^ns	6.00	17.05
Number of grains per row	0.368^ns	10.203**	0.312^ns	5.65	32.28
Grain yield	0.150^ns	19.058**	0.853^ns	10.2	5,451.80 kg ha^-1
Rio Verde - GO 2019 second crop (A2)
Dry weight V6	22.622^ns	5.483**	1.314^ns	19.9	17.01 kg ha^-1
One-thousand grain weight	0.001^ns	5.139**	0.530^ns	4.79	315.70 g
Number of rows of grains	0.055^ns	1.185^ns	0.399^ns	4.33	31.10
Number of grains per row	0.190^ns	0.490^ns	1.402^ns	4.40	17.31
Grain yield	4.159^ns	5.148**	4.956**	6.80	6,280.49 kg ha^-1
Rio Verde - GO 2019 second crop (A3)
Dry weight V6	108.381**	6.712**	3.122*	11.6	16.35 kg ha^-1
One-thousand grain weight	0.006^ns	3.101*	1.195^ns	4.23	321.28 g
Number of rows of grains	0.008^ns	0.907^ns	1.195^ns	4.16	17.23
Number of grains per row	0.188^ns	1.556^ns	0.660^ns	4.65	32.17
Grain yield	2.147^ns	7.018**	0.691^ns	6.49	3,547.48 kg ha^-1
Jataí - GO 2020 second crop (A4)
Dry weight V6	2.654^ns	9.281**	3.242*	19.7	15.98 kg ha^-1
One-thousand grain weight	0.592^ns	12.050**	0.370^ns	4.16	352.65 g
Number of rows of grains	0.00^ns	0.359^ns	1.316^ns	4.31	16.75
Number of grains per row	0.940^ns	2.738*	1.984^ns	4.00	36.73
Grain yield	1.937^ns	5.817**	0.774^ns	4.18	6,447.01 kg ha^-1
Montividiu - GO 2020 second crop (A5)
Dry weight V9	8.387**	1.209^ns	0.888^ns	13.6	87.87 kg ha^-1
One-thousand grain weight	4.523^ns	1.933^ns	1.469^ns	9.06	305.98 g
Number of rows of grains	1.893^ns	1.313^ns	0.927^ns	4.85	16.58
Number of grains per row	1.11^ns	0.350^ns	0.494^ns	9.17	36.93
Grain yield	1.178^ns	0.301^ns	0.482^ns	10.6	8,232.60 kg ha^-1