Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess brown rust resistance in 60 new sugarcane varieties bred by the China Sugarcane System in recent years and in 34 major varieties cultivated in sugarcane growing areas in China. The resistance of these sugarcane varieties to brown rust was investigated in the field, and molecular markers were used to detect the brown rust-resistance gene Bru1. The results of the field survey showed that 66 (70.21%) of the 94 sugarcane varieties were highly resistant to moderately resistant, and 28 (29.79%) were susceptible to highly susceptible. The Bru1 gene was detected in 54 (57.45%) of the 94 sugarcane varieties. Seven highly resistant varieties and five resistant varieties did not carry Bru1, suggesting that they carry other genes associated with brown rust resistance. This study provides a scientific basis and identifies disease-resistant germplasm for selection of plants for sugarcane production.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate the applicability and efficiency of the FAI-BLUP index in the genetic selection of maize hybrids, using 84 maize hybrids that were evaluated for cycle, morphology, and yield traits in four environments. Models accounting for homogeneous and heterogeneous residual variances were tested, and variance components were estimated using the residual maximum likelihood. Genotypic values were predicted by best linear unbiased prediction, and factor analysis was applied to group the traits. The FAI-BLUP index was used for the selection of maize hybrids based on ideotype design. Three factors explained more than 70% of genotypic variability, with selective accuracies varying from low (0.46) to high (0.99). Predicted genetic gains were positive for traits related to yield and negative for traits related to cycle and morphology, as is desirable in maize crop.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract: The state of Espírito Santo is the major producer of Coffea canephora in Brazil. Knowledge of genetic reserves is fundamental to plant breeding. Therefore, the present study characterized and analyzed the genetic diversity of 600 C. canephora accessions from the germplasm bank of Incaper based on 38 traits evaluated in 24-30-month-old plants. Further, the predominant descriptors or traits were identified, and high phenotypic variability was determined. Genetic distances for the grouped (Gower), quantitative, and qualitative datasets were 0.48, 0.61, and 0.92, respectively, with accessions 76 (Conilon) and 407 (Robusta) being the most divergent ones at Incaper. In clustering using the Tocher optimization method, 30 groups were formed, with three accessions introduced from Epamig’s Robusta collection being the most dissimilar ones. Graphical dispersion analysis using the principal coordinate method revealed the predominance of three groups formed by the Robusta, Conilon, and hybrid Robusta × Conilon genotypes.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract: Since 1932, the Common Bean Breeding Program of the Instituto Agronômico (PMGF-IAC) has provided bean cultivars with high yield potential and stability, grain of high technological quality and nutritional value, resistance and tolerance to the main common bean diseases, and commercial acceptance. This article presents the main results of the PMGF-IAC from a study of its research, development, and innovation (RD&I) trajectory and from information regarding adoption of cultivars (from 1932 to 2019). The main contributions of this study are (i) to display the trajectory of RD&I in common bean breeding in IAC, (ii) to present a description of common bean cultivars of different commercial types recommended over the period analyzed, and (iii) to provide an analysis of adoption of the new cultivars. This study is directed to researchers that develop common bean cultivars or that act in the sphere of science, technology, and innovation.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract: In many agricultural crops, the number of parents used in cross breeding make it difficult to obtain all possible hybrids in diallels. Therefore, using maize as a model plant and based on traits with high and low heritabilities, the aim of the present study was to quantify the correlation estimates of the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) between a complete diallel and a circulant diallel, with and without the inclusion of parents. For the high heritability trait, the GCA estimates can be obtained with low s values, whereas for the SCA estimates, s values close to half the number of parents should be used. For the low heritability trait, information from parents must be used to obtain the SCA estimates. For the GCA estimates, considering the stabilization of r above 0.70 for s=7, s values greater than half the number of parents must be used in the circulant models.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract: Sugarcane cultivar RB961552 was developed by the Sugarcane Breeding Program of the Federal University of Alagoas, a member university of RIDESA. It was selected for being highly productive, responsive to fertigation and for the high leaf biomass and excellent inter-row closure. It is resistant to brown and orange rust and moderately resistant to leaf scald and smut diseases.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract: BRS 500 B2RF is a high-yielding cotton cultivar with transgenic resistance to lepidopteran pests and tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate. Additionally, BRS 500 B2RF has resistance to Ramularia leaf spot and partial resistance to root-knot nematode. It represents an important contribution to sustainable cotton production in Brazil.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract: IAC 2051 is a common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar with carioca-type seed coat, mean 1000 seed weight of 300g, indeterminate semi-upright type II growth habit, slow post-harvest seed coat darkening, resistance to Fusarium wilt, common bacterial blight, and three races of anthracnose, and mean yield of 2729 kg ha-1.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract: The cultivars IAC 201CS and IAC 201CO have a mean cycle of 100 and 110 days, mean 1000 seed weight of 18 and 6 grams, mean total fresh matter weight of 26,287.81 and 36,174.12 kg ha-1, and mean seed weight of 812.57 and 1,017.09 kg ha-1, respectively.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The wheat variety NIA-Shaheen (CIM-04-10) has high grain yield and modern plant architecture. It has wide adaptability, increased tiller production, bold grains, high starch and protein content, and good tolerance to disease and environmental stresses, particularly water stress. NIA-Shaheen has high yield potential (7184 kg ha-1).